The Great Saljuq Sultanate :: essays research papers

The Great Saljuq SultanateAlthough the Turks had played an important role in the Islamic world, before the 11th century, the arrival of the Saljuq Turks attach a new era in Islamic history. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of the Saljuq Turks in Islam. In doing so, the paper provide be split in two parts. The first part will present the historical background of the arrival of the Saljuqs and their participation in Islamic politics. The second part will discuss the contribution of the Saljuq administrative system to Islamic politics.Turks had been participating in the Islamic politics well before the 11th century. For example, the Mamluks and the Ghaznawids were from Turkish origin. What made the Saljuqs lucid from these earlier Turks is how they have penetrated Islamic politics. Before the 11th century, Mamluks and the Ghaznawids were slaves recruited as individuals and took power from inside. However, the Saljuqs came in as organized tribal groups and conquered the Persia and much of the border lands. The Saljuq conquest marked the beginning of Turkish rule in Persia. This rule arguably lasted until 1925. In 426/1035, the Saljuq brothers Toghril rap and Chaghri Beg led the Saljuq tribe to move into Khurasan. The brothers battled against the Ghaznawids to take over Khurasan. agree to the course reader, the Khurasan population accepted the Saljuq rule just as they had earlier accepted the Ghaznawids. Five years later the Ghaznawids regrouped and waged war against the Saljuqs. The Ghaznawids were defeated and never came back.The Beg brothers ruled together until the death of Chaghri Beg in 452/1060. Morgan notes that this shared power between the two brothers was in accordance with the Turkish conception of the nature of semipolitical sovereignty, which the Saljuqs had brought with them from central Asia. After they had defeated the Ghaznawids from Khurasan, the brothers perceived that their major threat was the Buyids in western Persia a nd Iraq. It did not take long for the Saljuqs to eliminate the Buyids from Persia and Iraq. Toghril conquered capital of Iraq in 447/1055 and restored the Sunni rule. Consequently, kalif Qaim granted the title of Sultan on Toghril. Although the Buyids and the Caliph coexisted in Baghdad, their relationship was not based on the Caliphs consent. The Buyids knew that most of their subjects in Baghdad were Sunni and half of their army were of Turkish origin whom may ally with the Sunnis.