Media Violence And Violent Behaviors Among Children

â€Å"How Media is Changing Our World† Although violence is not new to our society, it is an increasing problem in the entrainment industries. The range and effectiveness of violence in the entertainment industries are having serious consequences on the youth. Children are labeled as impressionable, which means children do not see the world through the same understanding as adults do they see things more literally, children lack the mature sensibility of distinguishing fiction from reality. In addition, children tend to mimic what they see especially actions of their role models. And because, today’s society is based upon technology children are developing values and social behaviors based upon entertainment industries such as, television programs, music and video games. Over the past thirty years there has been extensive research on the correlation between media violence and violent behaviors among children. Furthermore researchers have concluded that there is not only a positive correlation between media and real-life violence; but children who are repeatedly exposed to media violence begin to lose the ability to differentiate the difference between real-life and entertainment violence and tend to accept violence as an acceptable way of resolving conflicts. However, the entertainment industries claim that there is no link between media and real-life violence. But the fact is, televised violence and the presence of televisions in American homes have drastically increased overShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper Outline on Violence in Media Contributes to Violence in Children888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The media is generally seen by people as a way of conveying the truth. If something is seen on TV, has been heard on the radio or something has been read in the newspapers then it is perceived as being the truth. Throughout history the media has been used as a tool to convey different messages to people. The issue of the behavior of children when exposed to violence on media has been an issue to be debated upon and studied for a very long time. There are many devices that children have accessRead MoreMedia Violence and Its Effect on Children Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pages There is a strong agreement among American society that violence in the country is on the rise. It is easy to see why this is a strong argument among the American people, especially because of the rising popularity of violent video games and television programs. However, as these violent video games and television shows are creating their own place in our society, the reports of violence among children are escala ting. This correlation has been studied extensively in the scientific community inRead MoreThe Hidden Danger: Violence Within The Media. Imagine You1141 Words   |  5 PagesHidden Danger: Violence Within the Media Imagine you are fast asleep and dreaming. In your dream, you are surrounded by violence everywhere and cannot seem to avoid it no matter where you run. You awaken and ask yourself, was that a dream? You suddenly realize that this wasn t a dream, but everyday life. Whenever a person flips on the television, scrolls through a social media network, or just listens to the radio, it seems one cannot avoid being exposed to some sort of violent material. HoweverRead More`` Not Here : If We re Truly Serious About Stopping Massacres Like1687 Words   |  7 Pagesaddiction to evil† informs readers about the truth behind massacres. Metcalf says that violence performed in the form of mass killing have definite causes. People are fascinated by the violence. He further suggests that evil and mass killing incidents in Aurora and Port Arthur are just few examples of that evil. The evil in our society is growing in large portion and people are more attracted towards violence. The article disc usses invention of superheroes during late 1930s in order to response toRead MoreNature Versus Nurture Research Essay: Violent Behavior1007 Words   |  4 Pagesdebate is an ongoing debate among social scientists relating to whether ones personality/personal characteristics are the result of his/her inherited genetic traits or the result of environmental factors such as upbringing, social status, financial stability, and more. One of the topics that are discussed among psychologists is the study of violent behavior among people as a whole, and in particular, individuals. Social scientists try to explain why people commit acts of violence through explanation ofRead MoreViolent Media And The Aggressive Generation1116 Words   |  5 PagesMatthew Taylor Ms. Cowburn AP Language 12 June 2017 Violent Media and The Aggressive Generation It Has Established The creation of visual and active forms of media has caused debate and discussion over the effects it has on the brain. The effects of media on the brain are of concern regarding children specifically, as their minds are still developing. Questions of the severity and impact have intrigued parents, scientists, and lawmakers. The first committee on this issue, the Surgeon GeneralsRead MoreDo You Think Violent Video Game Exposure Effect The Behavior Of Children?1244 Words   |  5 PagesDo you think violent video game exposure effect the behavior of children? Introduction Studies show that exposure to violent video games affects the behavior of children.Some have vandalized, beat someone up, took part in bullying someone.As many as 97% of US kids age 12-17 play video games, contributing to the $21.53 billion domestic video game industry. More than half of the 50 top-selling video games contain violence. Violent video games have been blamed for school shootings, increases in bullyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On People1388 Words   |  6 Pagesof Media Violence on People Media violence impacts the physical aggression of human beings. It is one of the many potential factors that influence the risk for violence and aggression. Research has proven that aggression in children will cause the likelihood of aggression in their adulthood. Theories have evolved that the violence present in the media most likely teaches the viewer to be more violent. It is a risky behavior that is established from the childhood. Furthermore, media violence is aRead MoreThe Effect of Violence in Media on Children Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pages In the book Critique of Violence ,author Walter describes Violence as The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, male development, or deprivation .The violence that is portrayed in the media has been debated for decades ,and it has rose a question about how does it influence the youth?. From movies toRead MoreMedia Violence Persuasive1556 Words   |  7 PagesChild Exposed to Media Violence? We live in a society where violence is meticulously and silently engraining in our daily lives. As time progresses, the entertaining media that children and adolescents have access to everyday such as movies, commercials, TV shows, children’s cartoons, video games, toys, etc. become more and more violent. Media violence negatively affects the behavior of those exposed to it, especially children and teenagers who experience violent media on an everyday basis

Definition Essay; Lies - 870 Words

Definition Essay April 6, 2012 To many people, a lie has little significance. Some people tell lies as a way to cover something up, make a different name for themselves, or just to make excuses. No matter what the situation, my father has constantly reminded me that the truth will set you free, and as I get older even though I am still in my youth, the more I realize the truth and importance of that statement. To me a lie is a form of disloyalty, the less you respect the person the more you lie to them as a way to cover up your true identity. A lie is when you mislead what is really the truth; where you don’t tell the full truth in order to deceive someone, or you avoid being honest at all. There are several different outcomes to†¦show more content†¦It takes a special kind of person to be completely comfortable with themselves, because we all have our insecurities no matter how insignificant they may be. Small lies are a common way for people to find some sort of connection with ea ch other. For example, a person may lie about being interested in a certain type of activity in order to build some common ground or gain approval from someone. Even if the person lied in order to feel more accepted, they lack respect for themselves and for the other person because they aren’t happy with themselves, and therefore care about the other person’s opinion for all the wrong reasons. This lack of self respect often stems from more personal issues, characterized from lies by a person who cares little about themselves and focuses on what other people think of them. In order to be an honest person, it takes happiness and a strong sense of self-worth so that you are complacent with the person you reallyShow MoreRelatedThe Ways We Lie By Stephanie Ericsson1148 Words   |  5 PagesIn the essay The Ways We Lie, author Stephanie Ericsson writes in depth about the different types of lies used by most people everyday. While listing examples of them, Ericsson question s her own experiences with lying and whether or not it was appropriate. By using hypothetical situations, true accounts, and personal occurrences, she highlights the moral conflicts and consequences that are a result of harmless fibs or impactful deceptions. In an essay detailing the lies told to ourselves and othersRead MoreThe Tongue Lies1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthe tongue lies Therefore I lye with her, and she with me, And in our faults by lyes we flattered be - Shakespeare Introduction and Definition Before surveys, studies and prying psychologists Shakespeare was poetically exploring, with a clever pun, the complexities of romantic relationships. His bawdy yet poignant couplet hints that lies are a social lubricant. However, it is the submission of this essay that Shakespeare is only representing one side of a complex dichotomy. Perhaps lies might facilitateRead MoreThe Theory Of Lying As Being The Most Widely Accepted Definition1158 Words   |  5 Pagesdeceive.† Although there are many definitions of what lying is they are often condemned wrong by many philosophers. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes one definition of lying as being the most widely accepted definition. â€Å"A lie is a statement made by one who does not believe it with the intention that someone else shall be led to believe it.† The reason this definition is often accepted by most is because in order to object and revise this definition in anyway one must first explain theRead MoreLie and Man Deciphers Truth Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesabout how man deciphers truth in his essay; however Nietzsche cannot avoid mentioning lying because in reality, lies and truth are very intertwined with each other. In fact, there are times when the truth and lies are so entangled that there are indecipherable from one another. If there is such a thin line between lies and truth, why do we lie rather than tell the truth? What exactly is the difference between someone who knows they are lying and someone who lies unknowingly? What is the differenceRead MoreDishonesty In The Ways We Lie By Langston Hughes1368 Words   |  6 Pagesappeal along with logic. The purpose of this essay is to encourage people to abstain from dishonesty. For illustration, the author states,†I cannot seem to escape the voice deep inside me that tells me when someone lies, someone loses...We must consider the meaning of our actions.† In contrast, Hughes’s essay is entirely personal. He describes a time during his childhood that he felt pressured into accepting a â€Å"lie† regarding Christianity and Jesus. The essay declared,† I was saved from sin when I wasRead MoreTok Essay Art Is a Lie That Brings Us Nearer to the Truth (Pablo Picasso)900 Words   |  4 PagesTOK ESSAY â€Å"Art is a lie that brings us nearer to the truth† (Pablo Picasso) There are different ways for art to portray elements of truth and lies; but what Picasso was mostly referring to with his quote was that art might be a representation of the truth however lies to the human eye in terms of perception. The word art is somehow â€Å"controversial, especially in contemporary philosophy† because it relies on different AOK’s and WOK’s. The main area of art focused to support Picasso’s quoteRead MoreAnalysis: Essays About Lying1063 Words   |  5 Pagesin her essay â€Å"Real Lies, White Lies, and Gray Lies† that even though lying has a derogatory label, it is a very common social behavior used by a majority of people on a daily basis. It has been a subject of scrutiny through the millennia by philosophers such as St. Augustine, Aristotle, and Plato. Can lies also be seen as positive? Don’t lies contribute to maintaining the bedrock of most relationships? In his essay â€Å"Lies, Lies, Lies,† Paul Gray answ ers this question. â€Å"Most ‘little white lies’ belongRead MoreTime Of Tutorial : Over Reliance On Fictions Made Socrates1559 Words   |  7 Pagesis just and unjust, Socrates had to use many stories based on imagination. Use of fictions and lies, have led to criticism on his philosophical ideas about justice. This essay therefore aims at not only explaining why Socrates choice of fictions was appropriate but also how the use of fiction, stories and lies enabled him to effectively convey his philosophical goals. In order to achieve this, the essay will first show how Socrates tried to explain the true meaning of justice with his Greek friendsRead MoreEssay on Is it Right or Wrong to Lie?589 Words   |  3 Pagesdecide whether it is right or wrong to lie to others. Human has an instinct to lie. The definition of a lie is â€Å"an intentionally false statement†. In different situations, lies are used in different ways. There are lies called â€Å"white lies†, and ones called â€Å"dark lies†. â€Å"White lies† are tiny lies, and a rather helpful and an acceptable lie. These lies are intended to avoid hurting, or to offend another one. â€Å"Black lies† is a rare expression, used to delude and deceive one another, or to protect yourselfRead MoreThe Overall Theme Of Hysteria In The Crucible By Arthur Miller722 Words   |  3 PagesI believe the overall theme of the play The Crucible centers around hysteria. Arthur Miller mentions in his essay â€Å"Why I Wrote the Crucible† the presence of fear and desperation in the wartime days that â€Å"formed The Crucible’s skeleton†. Arthur goes to hint at the similarity of â€Å"liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitors’ violations of civil rights, were fearful, and with good reason, of being identified as covert Communists if they should protest too strongly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the vill agers

Against Me! free essay sample

Against Me!, a punk-folk band from Gainesville, Florida, is an over-all amazing band. Tom Gabel, the creator of the band, first started out as a solo act. He would play wherever anyone would have him, using a guitar-and-stool type of style. In 2001, Toms one-man act turned into an official group, which consisted of: drummer Warren Oakes, guitarist James Bowman, and bassist Andrew Seward. Against Me! has a very unique, anarchist style. They are nonconformists, who rebel against the government. A good example of that would be Baby, Im an Anarchist, which talks about â€Å"spineless liberals† and fighting for freedom. The band has played with many big groups, like Alkaline Trio, Murder by Death, and numerous others. Their various influences include Billy Bragg and The Replacements. They released the fan-favorite Reinventing Axl Rose in 2002, which gave off a sort of â€Å"bar and basement† kind of vibe. As the Eternal Cowboy, which was a more refined album, really showed what kind of talent these boys had. We will write a custom essay sample on Against Me! or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After signing to Fat Wreck Chords, many people think that Against Me! â€Å"sold out†. Thats definitely not true. Signing with Fat Wreck Chords doesnt mean anything. Theyre still just as concerned with making the best music they can while staying true to who they are. Their album Searching for a Former Clarity, proves just that.

Theory of counseling Solution focused therapy

Brief review of the model Solution focused therapy, also known to as Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), is a kind of ‘talking-therapy’ founded on the ‘social-constructionist’ perspective. The focus of this therapy is on what clients would like to achieve after undergoing therapy on the problems and issues affecting them which made them seek therapy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of counseling: Solution focused therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Solution focused therapy centers on the current times and future rather than on what happened. The therapist asks questions and encourages the patient to share more of his/her account, potencies and possessions, and about exemptions to the predicament. The counselor may even at times seem curious, but as a professional, he should do it in a respectful manner to the clients so as to make the client feel at ease and encourage him or her to open up. This enables the client and therapist to form a rapport and move to the next step, which is finding an effective cure of the problems affecting the client. (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan 2004). This type of therapy focuses on two vital aspects: 1) providing support for individuals to discover their ideal futures; and 2) Discovering when, where, with whom and how pieces of that ideal future is already occurring. This is a more or less practical approach despite the fact that it is mostly done by means of a social constructionist’ thereof can be accomplished without a particular theoretical structure beyond that which is totally clear off any intent to remain as close as it can to the above two mentioned aspects (Corey 2009). Therapists using this therapy method have a belief that people undergo constant change and that by being able to guide their clients to discover things in their life that they desire to change, they greatly help with therapy. They a lso try to concentrate on positive things that are presently taking place in the individual’s life and what the individual wants to continue. Solution focused therapists tend to assist their patients to create a realistic vision of their preferred future. Therapists go further by helping out persons seeking therapy to discover and identify periods in their life that are nearer to the future they have created, and examine the difference between the two (the present and the future). When individuals are made to see these aspects and successes, and their consciousness is discovered, they are moved from their present state to the future that they have created for themselves or identified. Therapists then constantly help them to repeat these successful things when they are not experiencing any problems or when their problems are less brutal (De Shazer 1988).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lear n More Solution focused therapy does not just focus on the cause of a problem and the details surrounding it but tries to move the client from the problem towards a solution. It identifies, discovers and comes up with resources and skills within the client that the client can embrace and use them to overcome their problem. This method of therapy acts as a guide to the client but gives the client utmost control of identifying ways of overcoming his/her problem. Therapists also use language that creates and maintains a futuristic focus for the client such as â€Å"when this is fixed†, they do not make conclusions on what they think the client may be trying to say but the use questions to open up the client’s thinking and focus his/her view towards addressing the problem in the future (Hawkes, Marsh Wilgosh 1998). SFBT therefore transfers focus from problems to problem-solving, in spite of the client’s present predicament, to a comprehensive and inclusive highli ght of the probable solutions. This model differs greatly from other conservative and traditional models of therapy as it focuses and emphasizes on both the present and the future, and showing less or no interest at all in trying to perceive the problem (Gerber, 1999). Its main strength is that it creates workable solutions. Use of intervention strategies Miracle Question This is a method usually used by therapists to try and draw out the client’s thinking from the problem and steer it to the future without the problem. It is usually designed to aid the client to picture him/herself in a realistic future that is different to the present and past and when the problem the client is experiencing is non-existent. Therapists employ this intervention strategy after the client has given them a brief overview of why he/she is seeking therapy. The use of miracle questions by the therapists draws out the client to talk and that is why this therapy method is referred to as the solution focused therapy as it makes the client identify solutions on his/her own problems. It also aids to establish and set up goals for the client. An example of a solution question from a therapist to a client would be such as: â€Å"Suppose one night a miracle happened and your problem was solved. How would you know. † Solution focused therapy being a goal driven method of therapy, miracle questions greatly smooth the progress of treatment for a client (Coady, Stalker Levene 2000). Cheerleading/ great compliment/compliments This intervention strategy is mostly used to support and encourage the client’s success. Therapists prefer this strategy as it is able to pack a powerful punch and is also vital in identifying and developing solutions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of counseling: Solution focused therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has a multiple ripple effect on the client as it i s able to: authenticate the progress and grounds being covered by the client; provides encouragement to the client by constantly making them aware of the personal power they wield over their wellbeing; heaps a lot of emphasis on a client’s strength and abilities; cultivates confidence in the client; smoothes the progress of relationship building between the client and his/her therapist and sustains a good rapport; it also assures the client that future possibilities are built on past successes by creating an expectation in them. This come outs as simple and easy to grasp/understand questions whose intention is to take back the client back to the positive observations on what they have been able to do. â€Å"It provides encouragement for the client and helps them think about their personal accomplishments† (Greenberg, Ganshorn and Danilkewich 2001). The ability of therapists to use this strategy and focus on the small things the client does to overcome misfortune and ac hieves is the first step in noticing strengths and accomplishments, â€Å"it becomes the easiest and most supportive first step in solution talk† (Selekman 1997). Time-outs and tasks This helps the client to immediately focus on goal identification. Timeouts and tasks are interrelated and allow clients of both parties (the therapist and the client) to reflect on the issues that arise from the conversations they have between them. The timeout especially is very effective and handy when they have just finished a conversation. Clients are usually informed before the start of a session that a time out will be held at the end of the session or when seen fit by the therapist. This prepares them and makes them aware of the tasks and accolades being given to them at the end of the day’s session. The time out duration is usually limited to a minute or two. However Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) note, â€Å"Although time-outs are not always feasible, the rationale for using them warrants reinforcement: the accolades we offer patients are part of solution talk, and taking a minute or two to identify praise statements is important.† On the other hand tasks are used by therapists to carry out an assessment of how the client is progressing with therapy. In some cases this is used when the therapist is treating a patient that has a definite complaint those that are unsure of what they expect from the treatment, are not given any tasks. The task is often discussed at the end of the time out session when a complete analysis of the session has been done (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Exception questions These questions are intended to uncover patients’ successes and strengths. Exception questions operate on the presumption that there are always times when the identified problem is less intense or absent and when pieces of the desired solution picture appear. Patients often paint a problem picture that is universally present, and â€Å"exception questions short-circuit this presentation by eliciting expectations in behavior, instances when the desired outcome is happening, ‘even if only a little bit,’ once patients identify expectations, physicians amplify their role in the solution picture† (Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich 2001). Theoretical development Solution focused theory is described as ecosystemic, thus intended to impact problem behaviors in various social settings. Insights on the creation of an ecosystemic view that included 1) asking questions that re-oriented the client to the problems, 2) searching for clues that reve aled how others perceived the problem situation, and 3) noticing changes. However, an important point must be remembered when describing the interaction between problems and solutions. While some theorists described a close relationship between problems and solutions, known as problutions, this contradicted the solution-focused concept that solutions are not directly related to problems (Selekman 1997). Solution focused theory is described as mainly being tasked with providing therapy. Its task is to coach the client to be an expert and know the best way to solve his or her problem. Insight is not necessary for change in the client. The unit (individual, couple, and family) is not as important as the type of relationship the therapist has with the client (visitor, customer, complainant, or patient). Focus is emphasized on finding the solution and time oriented to coincide with the present and future familiarization (De Shazer, 1988). Understanding is presumed, not â€Å"worked onâ € , and occurs due to the counselor’s regard for the patient from the start. Ethical concepts based on ethical principles, that underscore diverse characteristics of a predicament grounded along ethical lines, leading to the most ethically accurate resolve according to the guiding principles contained in the ethical theory itself also come into play when therapy is being undertaken. Branden (1995) notes, â€Å"People usually base their individual preference of ethical theory upon their personal experiences† In life, in most cases one is confronted with a dilemma, where they have to decide what is right or wrong. In order to be effective therapists/counselors who utilize solution-focused theory should have a command of the essential components and principles that underlie the theory. In addition, they should find other counselors engaged in solution-focused individual or group work, or form a peer supervision group, in order to support each other in the use of the th eory (Branden 1999). More importantly, keeping a healthy rapport between the client and the therapist is very important for the environmental friendliness of both parties during a therapy session. If the other party withholds from the other this could result in the client retreating into a shell and turning against the therapist. Any efforts to make him/her overcome their problems will likely push them further away from the therapist. For instance, the client on realizing that the therapist is interested on their relationship as patient-doctor model and nothing to do with their welfare, they may decide to emotionally withdraw themselves. Besides contributing to a lack of trust, this to a severe case may lead to total detesting of the therapists efforts to help the client. In addition, the client may lose confidence with the therapist and drift away from being active (Montgomery Kottler 2010). However, solution focused therapy is often misunderstood to be no more than the techniques it is famous for; pragmatic, future-oriented questions that encourage clients to re-conceptualize their problems and build on their strengths. However when presented in a â€Å"one-size-fits-all† approach, these systems may result in unsatisfactory consequences and leave therapists questioning what wrong they have done. Regardless of this, ever since the conception of solution focused therapy, a myriad of problems has been able to be solved by therapists (Nelson Thomas 2007). This is manifested through numerous studies carried out to determine the effectiveness of solution focused theory. As a matter of fact, about sixty to eighty percent of patients gone through solution focused therapy have shown great progress during the course of the therapy (Selekman 1997). That is why, many practitioners cutting across diverse fields of study have been making use of solution focused theory for over the last two decades due to its supple nature and its accent on the client’s str ong points, instead of providing the means to try and find out the problem. Personal integration The type of thinking promoted by the Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) model spurs an individual think of the future and how they can work on solving their problems by creating an ideal and realistic future for themselves. In solving people’s problems, we have to understand their needs because they are the cause of the tribulations. Most people will indulge in certain activities for a reason; therefore it is their need to achieve what they want that will guide each and every move they take. Human beings have four types of needs that are fundamental for survival (Lipchik 2002). These needs include: Psychological needs such as hunger, sexual and emotional needs. Humans also require to be loved and be affiliated with others, they also need to feel safe, and finally they need to have self-esteem and feel appreciated. Lack of the above needs creates an intense deficiency in an indi vidual which often leads to depression and people end up looking for these needs in other things such as alcohol, drugs, fantasies and other harmful things (O’Connell, 2005). If one requires rehabilitating people with problems in their lives; then one has to find out what need a particular person is lacking and how to provide it. This calls for intense research about them because most of them will not tell directly what their problem is but instead one will have to find out. Problem solving therefore involves understanding people and their various diverse needs (Quick Thomas 2008). Every human being wants to live and embrace each day as an authentic, self-aware, and triumphant person. People always tend to desire successful lives. However, the big question is how to go about this in the quest for achieving these successful lives. How do you go about it. Where do you begin. In a world, evidently full of wisdom, inspirational quotes, and transformational exercises. The most im portant judgment one can make for him/her self, in life is, about their personality. And it all comes down to the distinction between low self esteem and high self esteem, the distinction between submissiveness and accomplishment, between failing and succeeding. This encourages understanding, self-awareness, and honesty, all vital elements in living a good life in an insensible world (Branden 1999). At some point in an individual’s life, one runs into problems and tribulations in relation to themselves that often appear more than impractical for them to work out on their own and talk and seek solace from their friends or persons they can confide in (Pichot and Dolan 2003). Though there are times when the situations they are going through and the tribulations they are suffering look as if they are too much to bear for them, their friends and the people acting as confidants; in addition to their lack of proper advice from the people he or she has gone to seek advice from, it ju st needs a friend to ask â€Å"’what do you want to do.’ Upon hearing this question, some people surprise themselves by asking what to do. Everything then suddenly becomes apparent, which is all it takes for them to find solution to their problems† (Greenberg, Ganshorn and Danilkewich 2001). A sure way of ensuring effective and efficient use of solution focused therapy to clients is by enhancing counselor intervention strategies in the therapy sessions. This helps to encourage the patient as the therapist is armed with practical examples based on principles â€Å"with therapeutic change modalities† (Gerber, 1999). Competent professionals should have; â€Å"a working knowledge of the vast range of treatment options, an understanding of the rationale behind each intervention strategy, and the ability to anticipate realistic outcomes† (Gerber, 1999). Gerber argues that â€Å"presentation of main hypothetical information by synthesizing it into four g roups interpreted according to intervention dynamics† helps therapists/counselors to be adaptable to the various needs of different clients of patients (Greenberg, Ganshorn Danilkewich, 2001). The question how the model of therapy changes one personality is very profound, in that the therapy model apart from working on the client/patient alone, it also makes the therapist go on a journey of soul searching as he or she has to create a rapport with the client and identify with him so as to make them feel at ease and be able to open up. On guiding the client one also tends to do the same to him or herself, albeit indirectly. It therefore can be concluded as a constant workout for an individual whether they are the client or the therapist. With all this in mind, an individual’s life is bound to change especially the therapist as he/she is constantly going through the procedures of the model every day with patients who are very different from one another. But one disadvanta ge that poses great risk and danger is therapist burnout, may be due to the constant and never changing practices done every day (Coady, Stalker Levene 2000). Summary This theory model has various advantages to it for any therapist dealing with clients who are seeking answers to their problems whether severe or less consistent. The solution focused brief therapy model comes out as a brief method of counseling that seeks to draw out patients and make them think of a future without the problems they are experiencing at the moment and in the past. It does not dwell on finding out what the problem is but rather on how to find a solution for it, thus the name solution focused therapy. There is an interrelationship between this model of therapy and managed care compounded with demands of effective provision of counseling in short time frames. This therapy method also puts emphasis on the positive accomplishments and outlooks of clients. A big advantage of this therapy method, is that it can be easily applied to a wide array of clients with a myriad of problems and be still effective. The solution focused therapy is easily adaptable and the intervention strategies as mentioned above ensure effective and complete therapeutic healing for clients. It is a simple therapy method with step by step guidelines for therapists. But despite the optimism and hope offered to patients and providing both therapists and clients with new ways to talk about the ins and outs of life filled with refreshing, effective, and promising change; it suffers some disadvantages and disappointments. Critics of this method argue that the method is too simplistic in nature and does not have an adequate amount of experiential research to support it and that it might not sufficiently be of help to mental health patients, some further argue that it does not provide and develop adequate client/therapist relationship for it to come out therapeutic. Nevertheless, the solution focused therapy in spite of it not being multicultural can still be utilized in a way that therapists get to understand their clients within the constraints of his/her cultural basis. This would enable both the therapist and client to find out solutions to those problems that may sometimes be out of the capacity of the client to deal with and change. Though, the model is very efficient and effective to clients whose cultures embrace fast, down-to-earth, no-nonsense approach to problems and do not condone the cognitive, behavioral or affective components of a problem. Numerous studies have been carried out to identify and find out whether solution focused therapy provides positive gains to clients or not. Professional experts have discussed this model of therapy at great lengths and the various methods/uses of approach to therapy and counseling. However, one thing that comes out in almost all studies carried out and books on solution focused therapy is the emphasis this method focuses on, which is encouraging patients to look at exceptional periods within their lives when the problem they are encountering would likely have happened, but did not, and in the process of doing this they look at their future goals and the possibilities of a better future. Intervention strategies such as: miracle questions, time-outs, tasks, cheerleading, goal setting, focusing, giving of accolades and so forth are an effective way of ensuring that the patient is focused on attaining the therapeutic help they were seeking. This is evident in the numerous studies carried out on solution focused therapy. This therapy method can be applied across a diverse grouping of settings such as: couples, individuals, schools, children, pastoral work, depression, and so forth. Therapist training is also very important so that they are able to cope with various clients and know how to use the intervention strategies for example know when, how and which miracle questions to use. References Branden, N. (1995). The six pillars of self-esteem. New York: Bantam. Coady, N., Stalker, C. Levene, J. (2000). A closer examination of the empirical support for claims about the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy: Stalker et al. respond to Gingerich. Families in Society, 81, 223-230. Corey, G. (2009). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. New York: Cengage Learning. De Shazer, S. (1988). Clues: Investigating solutions in brief therapy. New York: Norton. Gerber, S. (1999). Enhancing counselor intervention strategies: an integrational viewpoint. New York: Taylor Francis. Greenberg, G., Ganshorn, K., Danilkewich, A. (2001). Solution-focused therapy. Counseling model for busy family physicians. Canadian Family Physician, 47, 2289-2295. Hawkes, D., Marsh, T. Wilgosh, R. (1998). Solution focused therapy: a handbook for health care professionals. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann. Lipchik, E. (2002). Beyond technique in solution-focused therapy: working with emotions and the therapeutic relatio nship. Guilford: Guilford Press. Montgomery, M. Kottler, J. (2010). Theories in Counseling and Therapy: An Experiential Approach. New York: SAGE. Nelson, T. Thomas, F. (2007). Handbook of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Clinical Applications. New York: Routledge. O’Connell, B. (2005). Solution-focused therapy. New York: SAGE. Pichot, T. Dolan, Y. (2003). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Its Effective Use in Agency Settings. New York: Routledge. Quick, E. Thomas, F. (2008). Doing what works in brief therapy: a strategic solution focused approach: Practical resources for the mental health professional. New York: Academic Press. Selekman, M. (1997). Solution-focused therapy with children: Harnessing family strengths for systemic change. New York: Guilford Press. Sommers-Flanagan, J. Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2004). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice: skills, strategies, and techniques. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. This essay on Theory of counseling: Solution focused therapy was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

School Leadership Essay Example

School Leadership Essay Example School Leadership Essay School Leadership Essay The functioning of the schools has been constantly changing in response to the changing trends in education. The foundations and frame work for change is introduced by the principal, who then progressively adapts it in cooperation with all those, whom it would matter. The traditional image of a school principal being a strong manager in a hierarchical system or a high caliber executive, ensuring everyone’s conformity in line, is quickly fading. No longer is the principal performing just ceremonial or formal tasks. The new age demands and expects more from the education system and looks upon the principal to deliver. A principal’s strong belief and leadership are very important for the success of school changes, in the long run. Several recent studies calling for school reforms have emphasized the need to redefine the role of school principal. The principal may be described as the central point of the school change process, attempting to balance the requirements and view points of the teachers, community, district and state (Cushman, 1992). Broadly speaking, the leadership qualities of a principal is observed in the development of a school culture to facilitate learning, set up shared learning goals, recognize economic and social issues that may be affect education.   Decentralization of decision making to local school level, site-based management and self managed schools are becoming increasingly common which highlight the need to review the principal’s role (Caldwell and Spinks, 1992, 1998). Owing to pressure for reform and improvement in school functioning, several government agencies and departments associated with the school education are helping in the professional development of the principal. The need to work with external community, manage revenues, align curriculum to make it compatible with established standards and develop decision making bodies are some of the modified roles intended for principals (Barnett). Occupying a vital position in the complex working of the school, the principal’s job incorporates a number of roles including those of psychologist, teacher, facilities manager, philosopher, police officer, diplomat, social worker, mentor, PR director, coach and cheerleader. In any such role, the principal confronts all extremities associated with it. For instance dealing with a broken window to a broken house, a bruised knee to a bruised ego, a rusty pipe to a rusty teacher (Sherman, 2000). nbsp; REFERENCES Cushman K. (Sept. 1992) The Essential School Principal: A Changing Role in a Changing School.; Horace Vol. 9, # 1.. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved on 2nd May, 2007 from essentialschools.org/cs/resources/view/ces_res/102 Caldwell, B J Spinks, J M, (1992) Leading the self-managing school London, Falmer Press Sherman L. Spring (2000). The New Principal. MW Education [Electronic Version]. Retrieved on 2nd May, 2007 from www.sedl.org Schoolfile. The Role of the School Principal. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved on 2nd May, 2007 from schoolfile.com/cap_start/roleprin.htm Barnett B.G, The changing external policy context and the Role of the school principal. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, University of Northern Colorado [Electronic Version]. Retrieved on 2nd May, 2007 from ncsl.org.uk

The History of the Transistor

The History of the Transistor The transistor is an influential little invention that changed the course of history in a big way for computers and all electronics. History of Computers You can look at the computer as being made of many different inventions or components. We can name four key inventions that made a huge impact on computers. An impact large enough that they can be referred to as a generation of change. The first generation of computers depended upon the invention of vacuum tubes; for the second generation it was transistors; for the third, it was the integrated circuit; and the fourth generation of computers came about after the invention of the microprocessor. The Impact of Transistors Transistors transformed the world of electronics and had a huge impact on computer design. Transistors made of semiconductors replaced tubes in the construction of computers. By replacing bulky and unreliable vacuum tubes with transistors, computers could now perform the same functions, using less power and space. Before transistors, digital circuits were composed of vacuum tubes. The story of ENIAC computer speaks volumes about the disadvantages of vacuum tubes in computers. A transistor is a device composed of semiconductor materials (germanium and silicon) that can both conduct and insulate Transistors switch and modulate electronic current. The transistor was the first device designed to act as both a transmitter, converting sound waves into electronic waves, and resistor, controlling electronic current. The name transistor comes from the trans of transmitter and sistor of resistor. The Transistor Inventors John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain were all scientists at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. They were researching the behavior of germanium crystals as semiconductors in an attempt to replace vacuum tubes as mechanical relays in telecommunications. The vacuum tube, used to amplify music and voice, made long-distance calling practical, but the tubes consumed power, created heat and burned out rapidly, requiring high maintenance. The teams research was about to come to a fruitless end when the last attempt to try a purer substance as a contact point lead to the invention of the first point-contact transistor amplifier. Walter Brattain and John Bardeen were the ones who built the point-contact transistor, made of two gold foil contacts sitting on a germanium crystal. When electric current is applied to one contact, the germanium boosts the strength of the current flowing through the other contact. William Shockley improved upon their work creating a junction transistor with sandwiches of N- and P-type germanium. In 1956, the team received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the transistor. In 1952, the junction transistor was first used in a commercial product, a Sonotone hearing aid. In 1954, the first transistor radio, the Regency TR1 was manufactured. John Bardeen and Walter Brattain took out a patent for their transistor. William Shockley applied for a patent for the transistor effect and a transistor amplifier.

Revolutions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revolutions - Assignment Example The American Revolution was a war of independence between the thirteen British colonies in America and Great Britain that was fought from 1775 to 1783 (Ferling, 2001). The Americans were fighting for their freedom as they sought to exist as a nation without the control of the British colonial masters. The French Revolution that started in 1789 and ended in 1799 was more like an internal strife that existed between the people of France and the tyrannical monarch, King Louis XVI, who was ruling France at that time (Feher, 1990). The French revolution was basically a period of transformation of the political system as it ushered in the change of leadership from an autocratic style to a more democratic style of leadership. The Latin American Revolution that started in 1807 and ended in 1824 was a rebellious war that involved the natives of Mexico, Central and South America and their Spanish and Portuguese colonial masters (Gilbert, 1990). The Latin Americans fought against the heavy taxa tion burdens and strict economic policies that were imposed on them by their colonial masters. George Washington was the founder of the Continental Army and he was the one that influenced the American Revolution (Ferling, 2001). General Washington played a great role in ensuring that the Americans were victorious in their revolution against the British. However, there are different people that influenced the French Revolution and some of them are Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Jacques Danton and Jean-Paul Marat (Feher, 1990). Maximilien Robespierre was a French lawyer and political activist, Jean-Paul Marat was one of the most radical political leaders during the French revolution that promoted violence against supporters of King Louis XVI, while Georges Jacques Danton gave powerful speeches that inspired the people to take part in the French Revolution (Feher, 1990). One person that influenced the Latin American

Mini Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mini Project 2 - Essay Example The management policies and measures of water help to remedy the crisis by influencing the emissions of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide. Therefore, the mitigation tactics such as use of renewable energy options enhances availability of water globally. Pollution is detrimental, and it creates low-quality water. The industrial effluents should be treated before being released to the ecosystem (Erikson & Globescan, 2010). Disinfection of the sewage discharges is significant to prevent contamination of water. Therefore, control of pollution enhances availability of adequate clean water globally. There is high usage of water in agriculture. Improving agricultural practices and proper irrigation increases utilization of water without wastage (Markey, Leal & Rogers, 2014). Application of new technologies promotes utmost use of water, therefore, supporting continuous water supply without failure. Education motivates new behaviors that enhance proper use of water (Savic & ISSWMLC, 2005). Scarcity of water requires change of all methods of consumption from individual utilization to the supply chains. Healthy lifestyle hinders contamination and, therefore, promotes availability of adequate quality water globally. Erikson, J & Globescan. (May 24, 2010). Experts Name the Top 19 Solutions to the Global Freshwater Crisis. Circle of Blue. Retrieved May 12, 2015 from http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2010/world/experts-name-the-top-19-solutions-to-the-global-freshwater-crisis/ Savic, D. A., & International Symposium on Sustainable Water Management for large cities (ISSWMLC). (2005). Sustainable water management solutions for large cities. Wallingford: Internat. Assoc. of Hydrological

The changes and continuities in political Essay Example for Free

The changes and continuities in political Essay The Roman Empires imperial bureaucracy, economy, and governing instructions were left to Byzantium at the end of its reign. Although Europe didnt have very extensive unity or political order, the Byzantine policies brought Europe to a state of economical and political order, with a big area for trade and interaction, and cultural unity. Only Byzantium survived the declining population, outside military threats, economic contradiction, epidemic disease, and political trouble after the fall of Rome. The rulers of the Byzantine empires were sporadically increasing their borders, and The Constantine came to be ruler, he had a big part in supporting Christianity and ecclesiastical affairs. And once rule switched over to Justinian, he influenced the codification or Roman Law, and because of his code, most of Europes laws were influenced by Roman law. The Slavic peoples also benefited from being able to shift over into the Byzantine Empire when the Byzantine military resources were sent over to the Western Mediterranean by Justinian. Before the 8th century Bulgaria and Byzantine had taken part in cultural, political, and commercial affairs. Starting around the 5th century and leading up to the 12th, economical prosperity and political stability was brought to Eastern Europe by the Byzantine empire. Cultural and commercial exchanges were also supported in the post-classical world, which would help shape the development of the commonwealth in Eastern Europe. The political leaders also set up a sequence of independent states while enduring economical and political reform in western Europe, and supported their society. So, generally speaking, all of the different societies that were established under Byzantiums economic, political, and cultural influences from 476 to 1450 still changes some of the countries from today.

Importance of Understanding, Compassion and Empathy in Patient Care Ess

Lying in a hospital bed feeling, sick, scared and helpless, the only comforting thought is supposed to be knowing that when you need something, a nurse is there to help you. You ring the call bell for assistance in going to the restroom and no one comes. You ring the bell again, and still no one comes. You ring it for the third time and a voice comes over the speaker, "I will be back in a few minutes, I have some things I have to finish up". You need to get out of bed right now, and you can’t do it alone. Now, on top of everything else, you’re feeling alone and frustrated. If someone doesn’t appear soon you will have to deal with embarrassment and shame. On top of being sick, look how many other things a patient may have to go through just because of something as simple as no one coming when the call bell is rung. A nurse’s job is not just medical. A good nurse must be empathetic and aware of the patient’s feelings and needs. Empathy is making sure the patient receives comfort, compassion, sensitivity, solace and understanding, qualities that are essential for any doctor, nurse, or caregiver. For patients, a lack of empathy from a physician or nurse can easily be interpreted as its antonym: hostility (Comor, 1997). Patients are human beings and need to be treated as such. It’s terrible to say, but in our society today, it is much too common to hear horror stories of people in a hospital who are treated more like a number or a diagnosis than a human being. I chose to discuss the nurse’s role because in reality he or she normally spends the most time with the patient. It isn’t always the nurse who should uphold these standards of empathy. I just recently had an experience with my mother in which it was not the nurse who needed t... ...kly or maybe not even at all. I know time is an important issue in our society and a lot of us don’t have any, but we need to step back and remember that we are all human and need to be treated as such. It may just save someone’s life. References Baier, Sue & Shomaker, Mary Zimmeth (1995). Bed Number Ten. New York: CRC Press. Chaisson, Jean (1999). Nursing stories journalists fail to cover. Neiman Reports, 53(3), p.55. Comor, H (1997). A question of care. CMAJ, 156(4), pp.541-544. Lindergren, Maryclaire & Key, Sandra W. (1999, August). Nursing support inflluences outcomes for Oxytocin patents. Women’s Health Weekly, p4. Lindergren, Maryclaire & Key, Sandra W. (1999, May). Doula support reduces complications and shortens labor. Women’s Health Weekly, p12. Gastmans, C. (1999). Care as a moral attitude in nursing. Nursing Ethics, 6(3), pp. 214-223. Importance of Understanding, Compassion and Empathy in Patient Care Ess Lying in a hospital bed feeling, sick, scared and helpless, the only comforting thought is supposed to be knowing that when you need something, a nurse is there to help you. You ring the call bell for assistance in going to the restroom and no one comes. You ring the bell again, and still no one comes. You ring it for the third time and a voice comes over the speaker, "I will be back in a few minutes, I have some things I have to finish up". You need to get out of bed right now, and you can’t do it alone. Now, on top of everything else, you’re feeling alone and frustrated. If someone doesn’t appear soon you will have to deal with embarrassment and shame. On top of being sick, look how many other things a patient may have to go through just because of something as simple as no one coming when the call bell is rung. A nurse’s job is not just medical. A good nurse must be empathetic and aware of the patient’s feelings and needs. Empathy is making sure the patient receives comfort, compassion, sensitivity, solace and understanding, qualities that are essential for any doctor, nurse, or caregiver. For patients, a lack of empathy from a physician or nurse can easily be interpreted as its antonym: hostility (Comor, 1997). Patients are human beings and need to be treated as such. It’s terrible to say, but in our society today, it is much too common to hear horror stories of people in a hospital who are treated more like a number or a diagnosis than a human being. I chose to discuss the nurse’s role because in reality he or she normally spends the most time with the patient. It isn’t always the nurse who should uphold these standards of empathy. I just recently had an experience with my mother in which it was not the nurse who needed t... ...kly or maybe not even at all. I know time is an important issue in our society and a lot of us don’t have any, but we need to step back and remember that we are all human and need to be treated as such. It may just save someone’s life. References Baier, Sue & Shomaker, Mary Zimmeth (1995). Bed Number Ten. New York: CRC Press. Chaisson, Jean (1999). Nursing stories journalists fail to cover. Neiman Reports, 53(3), p.55. Comor, H (1997). A question of care. CMAJ, 156(4), pp.541-544. Lindergren, Maryclaire & Key, Sandra W. (1999, August). Nursing support inflluences outcomes for Oxytocin patents. Women’s Health Weekly, p4. Lindergren, Maryclaire & Key, Sandra W. (1999, May). Doula support reduces complications and shortens labor. Women’s Health Weekly, p12. Gastmans, C. (1999). Care as a moral attitude in nursing. Nursing Ethics, 6(3), pp. 214-223.

Macbeth †Hunger & Humility Essay

Some say that when offered power, a man would do anything to get it. For example, when Hercules finds out he is a god he didn’t even know his own strength, and he used it in ways that other people didn’t believe were very helpful but soon proved them wrong when he grew up and became more mature and powerful. Hercules wanted to use his newfound power for the well-being of others; however, Macbeth had other plans for his use of power. In William Shakespeare’s tragic novel, Macbeth, a brilliant peacekeeper, Macbeth suffered from the same problem that befell many of the tragic Greek heroes like Oedipus. Despite his eager and insightful vision; he is unable to see himself or the future as clearly as he sees the battlefield before him. Macbeth proves in the story that he is a warrior model, ambitious, arrogant, and masculine all to a fault. Ambition, the hunger for the purpose-driven achievement, takes Macbeth to stunning extremes. At once intoxicated with his own slyness, he decides to stage a rebellion of his own, and to take the throne promised him by the Three Witches. Stoked by his wife’s ruthless passion, he reaches his high point – and melts down thereafter. â€Å"But screw your courage to the sticking-place, and we’ll not fail. When Duncan is asleep where to the rather shall his day’s hard journey soundly invite him his two chamberlains will I with wine and wassail so convince that memory, the warder of the brain† (I.VII. 60-65). Hunger turned ruthless, he finds he has little taste for absolute murder in cold blood, no matter how many he has slain in his path. Confused and pressed towards action, he must engage in dishonesty following the discovery of Duncan’s death, leaving him caught up in self-doubt shortly after. His character has ambition, but lacked the ability to understand the trace of what acting on that ambition may have meant. Others, knowing him as they did, took advantage of him, leading Macbeth to go on a rampage. Arrogance plays a large role in this play, driven by confidence and internal conspiracy. Also, defined as an offensive display of self-superiority, here we may take arrogance as a confidence absent the ability to self-affirm. This definition can be seen in many scenes throughout the play. As mentioned before, Macbeth had the courage to commit the deed that started it all, but only when traumatized by his wife. After her support edged away into a nervous craze, he himself falls into doubt, despair, and ultimately a reckless brand of destructiveness. It can be seen again, when the Three Witches play upon his ambition and arrogance, hidden promises slipping through the light armor of his doubt to play upon his heart’s desires. A time when the lack is most clearly seen is when Macbeth drives himself mad, unable to argue successfully with Banquo’s ghost. â€Å"Behold! Look! Lo! How say you? Why, what care I? If thou canst nod, speak too† (III. IV.70-71). Unable to con firm his feelings when none but he can see what infect him, he collapses. Seeking support, he finds that the best option is to return to his element and bring himself back to the battlefield, where he can die gloriously doing that which he was always best at. Maleness was Macbeth’s trademark as the standing alpha male. In this case, masculinity has a collection of traits and habits surrounding it. As the alpha, there are expectations to be met from others, a responsibility to those in his company, and dominance to be maintained for his own sake. Given his arrogance, ambition, and masculinity, he uses these traits to emphasize his character onto the world around him. Assertion, and almost never careful judgment, is his primary tool in the performance. Due to this, Macbeth is sadly unprepared to deal with the events happening around him after his wife dies, whose talent what he lacked. â€Å"She should have died hereafter; there would have been a time for such a word. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow creeps in this petty pace from day to day, to the last syllable of recorded time; And all of our yesterdays have lighted fools the way to dusty death.† (V. V. 17-23). As his reliability dies, doubt is cast upon him both by oth ers and himself. The great lord remains unable to turn his once-sharp intellect inward to look at and create himself, or to moves desperately on, and it is almost too difficult to watch; none enjoy seeing great men fall to their death, especially Macbeth. Macbeth makes the tragic figure in that he embodies all that is typically asked for in a great hero. He has a sharp ambition that drives the action, pride for years on well-deserved honor, and the ability to force him with the strength needed to uphold the sensational shine around him. And then as the story progresses, because of the same things those we so admired him for, it all turns to dust in a flood of desperation. Unable to manage his emotions or regulate his actions, he is then incapable of dodging or deflecting the consequences that drove him into the ground and over the edge. Macbeth therefore shows that he is a warrior model, ambitious, arrogant, and masculine all to a fault. It is tragic, and it is also heroic, and this is what truly makes Macbeth the perfect example of a tragic hero.

Israeli and Palestinian War Essay

The current international community had been exposed to many different conflicts due to many different causes. However, one of the most important factors of the conflicts arising in the global community is cultural conflicts which different ethnicities have. One of the few ethnic groups that are having such conflict is the Israelis and the Palestinians. These two ethic groups has a long history of conflict together which until the present time, was still not resolved due to the over lapping issues that these groups have. Although there are many actions done in order to entirely put an end to the long and overlapping clash of both these ethnic groups, there are still a big gap between both conflicting parties. In order to understand both the parties involved in the conflict, it would be best to first have a historical background of both the parties involved. Therefore, a background of these two ethnicities should be fore mostly presented to provide a just research upon this topic. History of Israel and their culture: Israel is the very embodiment of Jewish continuity: It is the only nation on earth that inhabits the same land, bears the same name, speaks the same language, and worships the same God that it did 3,000 years ago. You dig the soil and you find pottery from Davidic times, coins from Bar Kokhba, and 2,000-year-old scrolls written in a script remarkably like the one that today advertises ice cream at the corner candy store. (Krauthammer, 1998, n. p. ) Israel had gone through many changes through time including different wars and challenges that had occurred to the state. Most of the books regarding the history of Israel discusses and mentions the book of the Bible as one of main sources for the description of the country’s heritage. As said in the book entitled â€Å"A History of Israel† written by John Bright (2000) and William Brown (2000), â€Å"The history of Israel is the history of a people which came into being at a certain point in time as a league of tribes united in covenant with Yahweh, which subsequently existed as a nation, then as two nations and finally as a religious community† (Bright and Brown, 2000, p. xvii). The authors continuously added that the important key points of the history of Israel are their religion and the subject cannot be separated from one another. The history of the state of Israel dates back in the thirteenth century in which the Hebrew patriarchs migrated from Mesopotamia to a new territory—Palestine. The migration acted as the beginning of Israel and its history. However, the history of Israel is much more depicted, as said by different books, in most parts of the Bible. The religious writing has all the accounts of the history and also the culture of Israel as well as those that are in the same region as they are. Not only is the history of this country was put into account but also the countless culture with me and women as well as the type of family that they have. Just merely basing the culture of Israel in the holy scripture of the bible a person may easily say that Israelis are conservative in nature for they are the people are the first and foremost people had experience the so called â€Å"life of Jesus here on earth. † Given such situation, there ethnic group bases their life style depending on the scriptures that they are being told by the prophets and the leaders of their religious group. As presented in many different books of the Bible, the group of religious leaders is the main influence of the king of the country. The religious leaders influence the king which then influences the society. Due to the religion based norms of the Israelites, they are mostly known to follow the strict rules of the Holy Scriptures. If any Israelite by-passes any rule that is not in the book of the bible, will be punished through the listed ways of available in the laws also made by the religious leaders. However, in many internet sites as well as books relating to the cultural background of the Israelites but still, the religious factor of Christianity could not be removed from their culture. It is one of the factors in which Israel is known as such, just like the statement left by the authors Bright and Brown in the top part of this paper. Israel had encountered different wars and different changes in the society such as the Arab-Israeli war in which have dated many years back which was one May 1948. There are other wars that followed which are: the Sinai War (1956), Six Day War (1967) and the Yom Kippur War (1973). Through all these wars, major different transform had happened to Israel which leads to the different beliefs that they have now. (***) Although they have gone through many different transformations within their society, currently it is said that the Modern Israel society is shifting towards the western culture. The different cultural material such as dance, poems, and literatures are now being thought as a modern interpretation of the Israeli culture. However, there are few authors who do think that the system of modernization of the Israeli culture somehow puts a dent on the collective norms of the society. In an article entitled â€Å"Westernization and the Decline of Collective Culture† it stated that: Israel, whose main dividing line is ethnica large part of the relevance of the word ‘west’ relates to Eastern Europe – the Ashkenazi ‘homeland’ – as the Western part of the line. The ‘West’ meant the beginnings of Zionism, the Eastern European center and, to a lesser extent, Western Europe, the center of Herzlian Zionism and daily Zionist politics. As the Yishuv assumed an identity that was defined against both the Arab East and the Jews who came from there, the Eastern European character of the society was utterly clear. It has already been mentioned that the early waves of Zionist Zionist Aliyah, dominated totally by the Eastern and East-Central European background of the Olim, defined their way of life as a revolt against that of Eastern European Jewry. Nevertheless, such an influence could not be dismissed so easily. (â€Å"Westernization and the Decline of Collective Culture† , n. p. ). There are different ethnic groups in Israel given that they have ancestors that came from Europe and Asia with different religions. Given all these, their whole society is diverse however the infiltration of new and modern ideas from the west stills a puzzle that is in need of a place in the Jewish community own society. History of Palestine and their culture: Palestine on the other hand is state wherein the Israel has a conflict. For many years now, the state had been in a very complicated condition because of its relationship with its neighboring country—Israel. In comparison with Israel, Palestine is mainly composed with Arab nationalities. Palestine is a country in conflict with the territorial boundaries with its neighbors however, it is the sate of Israel that it has the strongest conflict with. In recent years, Palestine had been in front of the international news due to its war is Israel where in the Gaza Strip is the main location for the war of both states. Much news about the war of both these countries had spread all over the world therefore, other countries with interest in both Israel and Palestine sprung up in the war which made it a much globalized issue. Palestine, just like Israel is a conservative nation however, Arabs have a different belief and a different religion in which they follow. Because of the unequal and hard to justify territorial conflict that both these countries have, there are Israelites in Palestine and vice versa. This situation makes it more complicated because the conflict is not only within the Gaza Strip but within the states. The conflict is not war between the said nations but the conflict of different citizens of diverse religion has conflict with each other. The situation becomes societal which would only cause a deeper conflict with other nationalities. Conformity: It is known that every one in the society wants to have acceptance of the society that an individual is in to. Every action always leads to being accepted in the society and being one of the individuals surrounding him or her. Although Israelis are the least part of the world to be transformed by the growing trend of being modernized, it seems that whenever there are eyes closely looking or investigating there must be changes in which every one must have. Given that we are in a changing and shifting world, everyone is expected to follow. But if the culture of Israel is seen, the years of conservatism and their historic influences a big hindrance for making the big step of development in the eyes of the western countries. The complication and whether being with the trend of the world or conserving the past is still confusion for most of the Israelis. Although there is uncertainty if the society needs to follow the global trend or not, there is a great possibility that without noticing and being too occupied with the issues the state currently have, the society could slowly shift away form those issues and focus more into something that they could enjoy or are very new to them. One of the new things that they could enjoy is he western culture which promotes freedom and indulgence of the things in life. On the other hand, Palestine is a state in which there everyone must conform in the society. Given that there are people living in Palestine who are Jews, there is a great possibility that conflict will arise. The Jews within the Palestinian territory is in need of the conforming in the society they are living in or just rebel against it and sacrifice themselves. Being dissimilar in terms of religion while living in space with an individual with another religion may raise conflict. Religion does not only create a clash in terms of their different holy scriptures and other materials but also a conflict within the society they are in. there would be debates in which they would present the great and the not so great religion. However, the conflict would not be addressed in such way therefore, actions much be done to create a stop in the conflicting parties involved in this situation. Social Perception and Social Cognition: Both Israel and Palestine exercises social perception and social cognition through the actions that these states and each of their culture have. However, their culture always leads to the concept of being accepted by the society given that they have very different religious beliefs. But between the two of these ethnic groups, the Palestinians are demanding more recognition and acceptance in the global community given that they are still a new state which had been separated from Israel, and their neighboring countries. Palestine seeks to have and create actions that would mediate their call for acceptance (â€Å"International Recognition of the State of Palestine, n. p. †) even if there are group of individuals that would be greatly affected with the situation. Provided that fact that one of the most important aspects of being a new state is to be accepted by all other states in the world in order to act and participate in the activities within the global community. It is a serious matter of the Palestinian people and the government to attract the attention of the global community through the wars and all other battles that they have. Israel on the other hand is more leading to the concept of social perception due to the actions those individuals chooses to have in their lives. The dilemma of being within the trend of the international community such as having western shows and western influences are now a concept of problem that the Israeli society has. The fear of wholly losing their history and the beliefs that their ancestors had given them one of the greatest concepts that every conservatives fear. However, the new society or some individuals does not see the history and Israeli culture as a hindrance to their society. Thus, the historical factors as well as the cultural aspects are strong compared to other societies therefore, Israelis should not fear the changing world, and thus they should try and be open to new possibilities such as the western culture. In conclusion, the conflicts of the two of these ethnic groups are thus a problem of not meeting of the same interests, history and religion. Given all these differences, their priorities are varying which makes it hard for these ethnic group to realize that they should create a middle ground or something that they have together in order to fully create a stop to the conflict that they have. References Bright, J. & Brown W. , (2000) A History of Israel. Kentucky: John Knox Press. Krauthammer, C. (11 May 1998). â€Å"Israel Celebrates their 60 years of Independence. †Weekly Standard Retrieved 8 August 2008 from http://www. science. co. il/Israel-history. asp. â€Å"Westernization and the Decline of Collective Culture.† n. d. Department of Jewish Zionist Education. Retrieved 10 Aug 2008 from http://www. jafi. org. il/education/culture/onisraeli/14-west. html. â€Å"Country Fact Sheets from the CLP. † n. d. Common Language Project. Retrieved 10 Aug 2008 from http://clpmag. org/content/pages/factsheets/palestine. php. â€Å"International Recognition of the State of Palestine. † Palestinian National Authority. Retrieved 10 August 2008 from http://web. archive. org/web/20060404211437/http://www. pna. gov. ps/Government/gov/recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine. asp.

Get Inspired By 21 Of The Best Content Marketing Examples In The Biz

Get Inspired By 21 Of The Best Content Marketing Examples In The Biz Content marketing has been around forever. *Fun fact* many accredit Benjamin Franklin as the first ever content marketer  when he published the yearly Poor Richard’s Almanack in 1732. Historical marketing fun facts aside, every marketer worth their salt has likely experimented with content marketing tactics. So much so, that the very concept might be starting to feel stale and overdone. But the stats speak for themselves, content marketing remains one of best tools in a marketers tool belt. Here’s what we know: 78% of consumers prefer getting to know a company through articles rather than ads. content marketing costs 62% less than traditional Marketing. Per dollar spent, content marketing generates approximately 3x more leads than traditional marketing. Companies that published 16+ blog posts per month got almost 3.5 times more traffic and 4.5 times more leads than companies that published zero to 4 monthly posts. 55% of marketers say blog content creation is their top inbound marketing priority. 47% of buyers viewed 3-5 pieces of content before engaging with a sales rep. Visual assets are the single biggest content contributor when it came to social media in 2017. After watching a video, 64% of users are more likely to buy a product online. 53% of content marketers use interactive content in lead generation efforts. Lead generation, sales, and lead nurturing are the top three organizational objectives for content marketers. Sources:  https://www.lyfemarketing.com/blog/why-is-content-marketing-important/;  https://www.hubspot.com/marketing-statistics #didyouknow that #contentmarketing costs 62% less than traditional marketing?If you’ve become disgruntled with the state of your own content marketing and are feeling less than inspired, you’ve come to the right place. We’re breaking down 21 of our favorite content marketing campaigns to get your creative juices flowing. Download Your Free Content Marketing Template Bundle First things first†¦ what do all these amazing content marketing examples have in common? They are expertly executed and distributed seamlessly. Are you prepared to do the same? It’s going to be  awfully hard to rock your killer content marketing campaign if your implementation and team coordination is a mess. Download our free content marketing template bundle. It contains everything you need†¦ A content plan template to help you measure and learn from your success. An Email Marketing template to distribute and communicate your new initiative. A blog calendar template to plan every post ahead of time in one place. Download your *FREE* #contentmarketing template bundle to make planning your next campaign a cinch.Get More Organized Than Ever With When you’re completely fed up with managing spreadsheets, sifting through countless emails, and all the time-consuming meetings just to get your marketing team on the same page, considering upgrading to . It’s the only way to get all your marketing organized in one place. Get a bird’s eye view of everything your team is working on; and collaborate, plan and execute your entire marketing strategy in one place. From social media promotion to blogging†¦ you can plan it all with . No more bouncing from tool-to-tool or hacking project management platforms that weren’t made for marketing teams. brings everything you need into one place. Table of Contents Charmin Nerd Wallet IKEA Facebook Make-a-Wish Babylist Primary ASOS Wistia Hershey's Bank of America Headspace Zillow Four Seasons Magazine Nike AirBnB Save the Food Blendtec Pandora Shopify Glossier

Fun Halloween Lesson Plan Ideas

Fun Halloween Lesson Plan Ideas Halloween, celebrated annually on Oc. 31, is a secular holiday combining harvest festivals with costume-wearing,  trick-or-treating, and creating pranks and decorative imagery based on the changing of the seasons, death and the supernatural. No matter how old your students are, chances are theyll feel cheated if you dont do anything to recognize what has become this most-beloved childrens holiday. But creating creative lesson plans- even for a holiday that is so captivating for young students- can be a challenge. These activities can spark ideas to help you create lessons celebrating Halloween spanning all areas of learning across the curriculum. Art Make a tiny witch doll and a pumpkin.Have your students paint a pumpkin. Chorus Do your warm-up exercises making ghost sirens. Classes with Computers Make iron-on graphics for T-shirts.Middle school students may enjoy a Halloween Hunt for facts. Drama Have improvisation exercises in which students randomly walk around the stage impersonating a ghost, bat, cat, pumpkin or Frankenstein.Have groups present Halloween childrens storybooks with one person reading and the others impersonating scenery and contributing sound effects.Do the same as above with readings from The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe or with Excerpts from Ann Rices novels. English: Journal Topics Describe your scariest childhood Halloween memory.Describe the best Halloween costume made yourself or that you helped to make.Describe the best way for children to celebrate Halloween.How would you like to celebrate Halloween differently?Describe Halloween from the viewpoint of a vampire bat.Create a holiday you would like to substitute for Halloween.Write an autobiography of a jack-o-lantern.Write a poem about Halloween. English: Essay Topics Describe a neighborhood street on Halloween night.Describe a memorable Halloween party.Describe in detail an unusual Halloween costume.Explain why Halloween is celebrated today in the United States.Explain why you think trick-or-treating is (or is not) dangerous.Explain the likely consequences of vandalizing property.Persuade a local merchant to give children candy on Halloween.Persuade your parents to let you have a Halloween party on a school night.Persuade your best friend to be the rear section of your _______ costume. (You decide what the costume will be.)Persuade your school principal to show __________ all afternoon to celebrate Halloween. (Name a movie) Science You and your students will enjoy these challenging monster math word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.Use Halloween as a reason to learn about  bats. Social Studies Learn about the history of Halloween.

Internet Privacy --private individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Privacy --private individual - Essay Example At any rate, it is important for people today to have Internet access to gain an advantage in their lives and perform better at work. However, a consequent and perhaps inevitable problem with this increased Internet usage is the issue of Internet security. Hacking is a persistent problem these days, in addition to malware or harmful viruses spread over the Internet that destroys files or programs, but the problem of hacking has gained big proportions due to its seriousness. Many people have suffered untold misery due to their sensitive personal information getting hacked like in cases of identity theft. Sensitive personal data are stolen and used maliciously by some individuals who have no qualms about destroying the lives of other people. In this regard, this paper discusses and tackles the important issues involved in Internet privacy of individuals. a) Background – the rapid spread of Internet use due to lower broadband connections had led to problems regarding the issue of privacy and security in the Web space (Hora, 2008:91). Incidents of identity thefts are on the rise, despite the development in Internet security Style and modus of Internet hackers had also evolved markedly (Poulsen, 2012:5). Rise of Internet-enabled transactions such as Web 2.0 increased hacking opportunities People need to be more aware and better educated on how to protect themselves while online against malicious software and equally malicious people out to get their data b) Thesis – people can better protect themselves if they are made aware of the dangers of data falling into the wrong hands, especially in the sensitive areas on their personal lives such as banking, personal communications, school records, and finally, confidential medical records. Awareness of the security risks enables people to take certain precautionary measures while they are on-line to protect against cyber-criminals. Among the more common crimes are on identity theft, digital piracy of copyrigh ted works (songs, films, books, etc.), pornography, in human trafficking, illegal drugs on sale, illicit firearms sold, and Internet gambling syndicates (Jaishankar, 2011:53). However, a focus of this paper is on banking-related on-line crimes causing at least 60% of all Internet crimes in terms of costs (Crescenzo & Rubin, 2006:36). Discussion (Main body) The bulk of Internet crimes are those related to financial transactions, such as those using the new digital technologies to transmit and receive monetary credits to bank accounts. Experts are of the opinion most of these crimes were committed by insiders, or people who had the needed access to penetrate the security barriers because they are authorized to do so. a) Emerging technologies - encourage more people to do their financial transactions on-line. E-services are now more prevalent than ever with new Web sites put up everyday Mobile commerce transactions are also on the rise due to new mobile applications Cyber payment syste ms now allow people to pay bills on-line faster and conveniently Digital banking (both mobile and Internet-based) allow people to move their funds b) Digital presence with existence of a Web site –

Purchasing and SC Management in practice Assignment

Purchasing and SC Management in practice - Assignment Example In actual practice, supply chain management ensures integration of supply as well as demand management both within and across businesses (Monczka and Trent, 2009, pg. 57). The major goal of the process is aimed at collaboration as opposed to competition in all parts involved in supply chain management but eventually leads to the creation of a competitive advantage. Through collaboration, personal and mutual satisfaction results from cost cuts as well as increased profitability. The retail businesses continuously realize the need to rely on effective supply chains or networks to ensure effective competition in the current global market comprised of the networked economy. In most scenarios, retail businesses engage in inter-organizational supply processes forming a network that is like a new form of organization. However, interactions tend to present complicated scenarios making it difficult for businesses to present the best structure that fully fits any particular market. The paper, therefore, presents a critical examination of purchasing and supply chain management practices in the retail sector while also illustrating with specific examples how the practices contribute towards creating competitive advantage in the retail market. While the issue of supply chain management (SCM) is mentioned, majority of individuals tend to relate the benefits related to the process to manufacturing and other big companies. However, with the concept of globalization and competitive markets arising in the recent past, SCM has also proved essential and to some extent beneficial in retail business, though at times attributed to side effects. In the retail business perspective, the focus is different from other market players in that it focuses on more specific factors like the retail business itself as opposed to a broader category (Weele, 2010, pg. 87). In the retailing

Graduating a Specialized Institution in Pursuing Career Ambitions of Personal Statement

Graduating a Specialized Institution in Pursuing Career Ambitions of Becoming a Dentist - Personal Statement Example Your institution, owing to its outstanding capacity in facilities and academic staff, for which it is internationally recognized, is my preferred choice as I intend to gain a high level of professional competence. Even though many environmental factors have influenced my choice of the course, my immediate objective in the undergraduate program is to establish a basis for a future career in dentistry. This will empower me to help my father in his established private practice. I, however, can only achieve this through a competent institution like yours. This is because my success the graduate school will determine my progress in developing a profession as well as my personal competence. Apart from my main objective of supporting and expanding my father’s practice, I aim at using my attained academic qualification and professional position to benefit society as my future part-time activity. For example, I intend to share my gained knowledge, which I shall in future expansion through higher levels of education, with students in academic institutions through lecturing. It is similarly my desire to be a role model to the youth and the entire society, as I have been to my younger brother, and to encourage them to do good things. In order to achieve these goals however, I need to first develop my career to become an influential member of the society. I believe that I can achieve this only through your institution. I also wish to communicate my competence to complete the program within the institution’s schedule. This is because I have resources, in terms of finances and time, to complete the course. My academic background also guarantees my ability to complete the course due to my average grade of 3.19 out of 4.0 ‘GAP’ and a score of 24 in my ‘ACTs’.

ISO 14001 Advantages and Disadvantages

ISO 14001 Advantages and Disadvantages Over time, the need for the protection of the environment has increased as different industries, companies and institutions have contributed to environmental degradation in different degrees depending on the activities carried out by these organisations. Therefore, as the concept of sustainable development emerged in the late 1980s, environmental management tools such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) have been increasingly utilized to try to reduce the pressure on environmental impacts and resources in a systematic manner. The British Standard Institute defines environmental management system (EMS) as the organisational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources for determining and implementing environmental policy (in Welford 1998 pg 38). It is also defined as a set of management process and procedure that allow an organisation to analyse, control and reduce the environmental impacts of its operations and services to achieve cost savings, greater efficiency and oversight and streamlined regulatory compliance(Schaltegger et al 2003 p 296). In other words, it puts a check on the activities of an organization and its impact the environment and at the same time, improves performance. There are several kinds of EMS standards but the recognized ones are the BS 7750 British standards, The EMAS which is a European Regulation and the ISO 14001 standard which is voluntary (Sheldon 1997 pg 128). As at December 2005, 111,162 ISO 14001 certificates had been issued in 138 countries to different organisations ranging from heavy manufacturing industries to hotels and local authorities (R. DEFRA (2005) defines ISO 14001 as the international standard for EMS which specifies the features and requirements necessary for organisations systematically identify, evaluate, manage and improve the environmental impacts of their activities, products and services. ISO 14001 was developed and is managed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) which is a non-governmental organisation and is supported by other guidelines which are ISO 14004, 19011 and 14031 but the 14001 series is the only ISO that requires certification (Arimura et al 2008). DESIGN OF ISO 14001 Sambasivan Fei (2007) states that ISO 14001 has no legal requirements that it should be adopted but voluntary which is an effective tool for proactive organisations as it acts as a benchmark to improve environmental performance thereby meeting legislation requirements and also reassuring stakeholders and regulators. Sheldon (1997) notes that a key principle for designing ISO 14001 was to reach a consensus with all interested parties on a voluntary basis. Welford (1996 pg 63) states that ISO 14001 is a specification standard that requires the adoption and maintenance of an EMS and has been documented in such a way to ensure conformity can be verified and this can be done through self declaration or by an independent third party certifier. It is designed in such a way that it can be applied to any organisation worldwide and generally provides a framework that a firm can base an EMS and it is voluntary in the sense that any organisation would adopt ISO 14001 only if its potential benef its outweighs its cost and competitiveness is not lost as the organisation reduces pollution in the best way they see fit (Delmas 2000, Bansal and Hunter 2003). Bansal and Hunter (2003) notes that ISO 14001 is the preferred EMS because of its legitimacy and easy recognition by external stakeholders as it is externally certified which requires an audit process to ensure that the EMS meets its set targets. They further added that it has a flexible process that focuses on the processes carried out by the organisation rather than environmental performance. STRENGTHS The strength of ISO 14001 as a generic and voluntary standard that can be adopted by all organisations is as follows: Because it is generic, organisations can adopt it in such a way that is best for the organisation to improve environmental performance and can therefore be built around the organisational culture and structure as Sambasiran Fei (2007) writes that the true value and benefits of ISO 14001 is gotten when it follows the companys strategic direction. Organisations have reported financial benefits from adopting ISO 14001 e.g. in the UK, Akzo Nobel chemicals reduced annual consumption of energy by 18% while National Power made  £26,000 profit from better waste management (Sheldon 1997). Birds wall ice-cream factory in Gloucester invested  £115,000 on certification and started saving  £250,000 per year from waste reduction and energy conservation (ENDS 1997). USB, a large financial institution with branches worldwide, implemented ISO 14001 in the branch in Sweden and stated that it is a useful tool as environmental objectives and operational procedures were integrated into business units and culture therefore producing an efficient EMS for the organisation (Hillary 2000 pg 75). Because it is voluntary, proactive industries use it to boast business by improved procedures and at the same time environmental performance and meet regulatory requirements. Rondenelli Vastag (2000) states that the with the voluntary approach, organisations can develop an EMS that is appropriate to activities, location and level of risk which in turn leads to requirements of certification for suppliers and contractors as Ford motors and IBM have done. In their study of Alumax Mt Holly which is an aluminium plant in South Carolina USA and the implementation of ISO 14001 led to improved environmental awareness, enhanced plant reputation, improved recycling and waste reduction and overall, it improved the attitude of staff toward environmental protection and even though it had good environmental practices, ISO 14001 strengthened and improved efficiency of production. ENDS (2006) reports that roll Royce is giving training and support to 6 of its supplier so that they can be ISO 14001 ce rtified Because it can be adopted by all organisations from large manufacturing industries with 50,000 employees to SMEs with 20 employees in all sectors, heavy industries with high environmental pollution can implement ISO 14001 to meet legislation, reduce environmental impacts and prepare for emergencies in case of accidents. Hotels in Hong Kong like the Grand Stanford Intercontinental Hong Kong and Hotel Nikko are ISO 14001 certified to build positive image, improve environmental performance and for economic benefits (Hillary 2000). WEAKNESS The weakness that ISO 14001 is a generic and voluntary standard that can be adopted by all organisations is as follows: Because it is generic, the organisation and implement ISO 14001 in a way that it sees fit and most organisations get the ISO 14001 certification without changing their organisational culture which is a vital success to the implementation of an EMS as Balzarova et al(2006) looks at a case study of a steel fabrication company who had been certified but lost it because focus was on certification rather than improving environmental performance and employees were not involved in the management process. Re-implementing ISO 14001 the organisational culture had to change and Malmborg (2003) concluded that most organisations do not see an EMS as a tool but a substitute for human actions which leads to problems. There is difficulty in the interpretation of the organisations environmental aspects as Hilary (2000 pg 44) confirms in her study of local authorities in New Zealand found it difficult to identify indirect effects such as purchasing policy, contractor and supplier management e.t.c. Because it is voluntary, most organisations adopt ISO 14001 thinking it would miraculously improve their environmental system without top management commitment from an early stage. Researchers have criticised ISO 14001 stating that it does not consider SMEs and developing countries. The cost of implementing ISO 14001 has flawed the fact that it can be adopted by all organizations as the average cost of certification is $10,000-$128,000 and maintenance cost is between $5,000-$10,000 per year depending on the size (Bansal and Hunter 2003). This makes it difficult for SMEs to implement and they contribute about 70% of environmental pollution (Hillary 2000). CONCLUSION The design of ISO 14001 has weak sets of direction compared to BS7750 and EMAS because it sets environmental goals and are continuously improved but ISO 14001 does not and this is as a result of businesses in the US scared of potential litigation (ENDS 1997, Streger 2000). Because of lack of resources, and knowledge, the priority of environmental impact is reduced