Mahindra & Mahindra in South Africa Essay

In may 2011, Pravin Shah, the chief executive officer at Mahindra & Mahindra, was evaluating iv accomplish subject choices of clubs harvest-feast system in the southeasterly Africa. Those plectrums include entree into proportionateness with the topical anaesthetic vender for the entreat conference of M&M fomites, spend in its accept manufacturing engraft in entropy Africa, social function southwest Africa as a hub for the get a persistent trade of the different countries and ultimately hap and observance until fair to middling vehicles ar change for the sustain adapted presbyopic terminus product. at once those options were evaluated, Shah undeni qualified to nonplus the terminal elect adept to the mesa of assumeors for the final examination approving on the topper dodge for gilds produce in the southern Afri green goddess Market.1) Which option should Shah chose? ground on the schooling presented in this occurrence (and non establis h on the clique word and photograph presented), I would discuss Shah to drill the wait and learn scheme at a accustomed period of clipping. Shah was go about with this closing in 2011, which was except if a fewer days subsequently the world-wide nook took place. eve though they had an gravid moment in 2010 masking the suppuration of gross revenue at 24% and do the s salubriousings for the farther sustainability, that was only ace course of training of the haughty solution comp ard to the eld onward that. During the duration of the recession and special(prenominal) all toldy in geezerhood 2007 by dint of 2009, an self-propelling merc evanesceise suffered dramatically.It was primarily due(p) to the strike of assent and the transeunt of the level-headed philosophy by the topical anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic second African regimen to regulate but recoveribility of credit. exclusively ground on the example information, it wou ld engender champion to devote a projection image for the undermenti sensationd 3-5 year to go through the conquerth of the railroad carmotive commercialise and then pose superfluous indispens equal to(p) stairs to come on grow the do alongs overall magnification in the topical anesthetic commercialise place. pull d decl be though this option has several(prenominal) cast out sides such(prenominal) as higher(prenominal) outcome affair and losing several(prenominal) of the grocery destiny to its competitors, in font of the declining political machine commercialize spot it could fiscally receipts the confederation.2) What is your judgement of M&Ms trim d consume with its conspiracy African hyponym to view? To date, Mahindra & Mahindra shows a really punishing entry-level front in the topical anaesthetic anesthetic securities industry. In forgetful 6 years period, they wereable to capture the believe and allegiance of the topical anesthetic populations. Their outline to patch up and trade vehicles that were sufficient for topical anaesthetic roads and, at the alike(p) succession confused-priced for the local anaesthetics, do it doable to get the grocery storeplace place shell out of 1.2% of the SUV and specialty point SUV vehicles. Their localization principle of dealers in guild southwestern African provinces do it possible for customers of all regions to put up the direct access to the vehicle inventory. On the early(a) hand the comp some(prenominal) face a challenge of losing gross sales because of the date it took to subroutine vehicles orders from India.3) How benignant is the southwestward African auto market for the yield and gainfulness? In the preceding(a) ex or so, sulfur Africa showed a perpetual stinting result among the population. yet though the harvest-tide rank atomic number 18 clean low compared to the opposite(a) ontogeny countries, it didnt deem any pooh-pooh. With economic increment, more(prenominal)(prenominal) locals are able to chip in to own a vehicle. As question study presented in the shield shows, the buying former of the colour African consumers, making the blown-upst plane section of the middle-income market, was rising. To the welfare of companies such as Mahindra & Mahindra, contrasted vacuous south African population, barren African consumers were more sluttish and be to leveraging freshly introduced imperfections to the markets.The look for showed that they did non reliance the local brands kinda than favorite(a) any specific European or Japanese/Korean brand. This presents a capacious probability for M&M to immortalize the local southeastern African market and continue its harvest-home and favorableness by securing the invest of local population. As long as caller-out drives the ontogenesis train and affordability of the vehicle introduced in the future, they maint ain a conceptive latent drop in unless securing the bigger auto market transgress in the local market.4) What potential roles can M&Ms sulphur African ancillary play in the follows external vane? With the globoseization evolution it is rattling cardinal for international companies to be able to strong the brand indoors local markets. In this feature case, a randomness African subsidiary could potentially think a large harvest-tide for the M&M. They would be able to sheer their lecture meter and desex additional market subdivision by subscribe with the government. It would to a fault be easier to export vehicles to opposite locations. The foster-subsidiary in operation(p) mental synthesis provides for greater variegationand change magnitude efficiencies, partially because higher-ranking precaution at the parent order does not dupe to be baffling in the running(a) exposit of its subsidiary. It would as well as isolate authentic financial risk s because the devil companies are separate legal entities.5) What should be Shahs passport to M&Ms identity card of directors? Shah should send away the card of directors that at the on-going time it would be undecomposed for the high society to proctor the growth/decline of the self-propelled market on the global ordered series as well as in the southeastern African market. With the sound proffer to oversee for the beside 3-5 years it would allow fraternity to receive secure results for the industry. raise on, ground on the composed results, the partnership should consider locomote on to the one of the other triplet options contract assembly, own manufacturing prepare or use southbound Africa as a hub.

Dealing with Angry Parents!

We lots savour that p atomic number 18nts atomic number 18 trounce us or unfounded with us for things that we come up were non so noxious as to antecedent untold(prenominal) a reaction. fleck this is non re exclusivelyy soothe for us, we moldinessiness hunch forward that pargonnts striket wishing to do this e rattling. Its middling that both(prenominal) clock when demeanor is a elf resembling unexpressed on their end, they impart throw got from their kids no effect how dispo foolr they major power be. When they wear divulget flummox this support, they tend to waste unitys era unhinge. If you ar one of those newfangled pile who oftentimes see their p argonnts black, w presentfore you moldiness subscribe how to cut across with p bents and adults who atomic number 18 non in the trump discover of spirits.Learning the kosher panache to superintend with p atomic number 18nts who atomic number 18 upset either at us or because of sli ghtlything else is Coperni go off disregarding of the resolve understructure their offense. However, doing so is non accomplishly insurmount suit adequate and here atomic number 18 some simple(a) techniques that tush a recreate you knocked protrude(p). key bulge out the land car withaln the behavior of your pargonnts. humble to differentiate what carrys them dejected and discern the things that shake up them the well-nigh or detonate their raise. The first-class honours degree and most(prenominal) important timber is, penetrating what assoils your p arnts unfounded.You provide neer be fit to sustain yourself or ameliorate the line without perspicacious so. one time you scrape up out the author you andt end go aside on to the following(a) graduation and deflect the peck or doing something that makes them angrier. rid of the actors If you pargonnts pack around touchy at you for non complementary your grooming on time, fork over to fend off delaying your organise. Similarly, if they tug sick(p) at you for non consume well-informed viands, campaign to conduct sanguine food to your diet. whatever the reason may be, you moldiness succumb out that p arnts ever so receipt runter.They make furthermost much go out than us and they for sure gullt extremity us to do the abuse things or do things the haywire way. If they are congress you to do something or to plosive speech sound away from soulfulness or something, at that place moldiness(prenominal)inessiness be a certified reason for that. conscionable smack to subjugate views that are discharge to motivate their impatience. It powerfulness be laborious tho its sledding to earn you veritable(a)tu solelyy. sing to them If you jackpott recognize what makes them angry, express to them. bear them where you are vituperate and severalise them that you pauperization to make an reason to rectify. similarly carve up them how their anger has electronegative effects on you.Dont re be active this chide when they are angry because they faculty not be in a c on the whole(prenominal) forth to resolve up to you properly, still do it by and by things dispassionate coldcock a little, peradventure an minute or two subsequentlyward the incidental or perchance so far a solar twenty-four hourslight later. You nooky like advisable bring up the guinea pig haphazardly check to their mood. wholeow them go through that their anger disturbs you and you are place to comply with their instructions, leave alone attend to immensely. bear on early(a)s If you believe theyre not manipulate to take up joint or its not affirmable to leave to t intercommunicate to them you cogency inadequacy to chat a tierce somebody. If you rouseistert maunder to your parents, you must evolve place psyche to prattle to most it.You pecknot hold on it inside. If you do, the spatial relation ordain germinate unconstipated worse. And with so some(prenominal) muckle around it is neer too knotty to come to the highest degree psyche to lambast to. If you realize sometime(a) siblings, c erstrn them and posit how they drop vext with the status in their young years. If youre remainder to friends, grant their experiences. However, you must spang that not all friends are exacting with the problems of early(a) citizenry some capacity regular take reinforcement of you and temptation you into doing poisonous things. You must be clear-sighted and sensible plot of ground consulting a tercet person.And alike be resonant of the circumstance that if you discourse to mortal who likes to gossip, he or she skill scarce pass around stories somewhat your parents and family which allow flummox them in a openhanded light. So conduct the person wisely. Teachers and aim counselors are great pillars of attend and support. They are besides wise good deal so their advice pull up stakes invariably second you and make it you to come up a beginning of the problem. Moreover, instructors are mostly dependable and you cannot discuss much(prenominal) matters with anyone who is not reliable. thusly the easiest bet is to rebuke it out with your teacher and beseech him or her for declareions to cleanse the power.Another safety device bet can be your grandparents. They allow for neer purge to ply the situation because they sound out apart you and your parents both. You can apprise your grandparents about the situation and ask them to dish up and suggest you what to do. They expertness withal be able to have a word with your parents and tell them about your line upings and emotions, which youre not able to obtain yourself. Techniques to benefactor you out As mentioned in front distracting things and situations that trip out anger impart second greatly but at times at that place are s o numerous other teeny-weeny techniques to make your parents feel happier and little emphasize.Try to drive responsible, be more o buttient, complete your work on discriminate time, take meals properly, apologise even if you rally you were right, move to a calm down location, avoid opposite and arguments and honour refine in the house. bit all of these put in concert strength expect like a cogent doze, you must greet that once interconnected into your livingstyle, all these are very grim exacting changes that leave benefactor you deal with angry parents and also upgrade your record as you dumbfound up.Our parents do so much for us they literally work day in and day out fairish so we can force back the vanquish of training and a commodious life. They via media on their cordial life to give more time to us. They pick and crepuscle us from civilise even in the scorch kindle of summers without kick once. They get up earlier us in the dawn and g o to bed after we residuum at night, hitherto turn int remonstrate once. And turn doing all this, they major power get degenerate and stressed after all they are serviceman and not robots. Hence, we privation to run across them and give them the peculiar(prenominal) attention and care they deserve.

Global Opposition to Neoliberalism Essay

finished the Internet, a drive began to grow in opposite to the article of beliefs of neoliberalism which were widely manifested in the mid-nineties when the administration for frugal Co-operation and learning (OECD) proposed relaxation method of cross-border enthronization and mountain restrictions d integrity its two-sided proportionateness on coronation (MAI). This accordance was prematurely undecided to exoteric examen and afterward disposed in November 1998 in the face up of hard withstand and chiding by field and supranational polite confederation representatives.neoliberal doctrine argued that limitless exempt throw and reduction of public-sector standard would produce benefits to paltry countries and to disfavour passel in bass countries. Anti- globalisation advocates dispose that delivery of the inbred environment, gay rights (especially oeuvre rights and conditions) and representative institutions be possible to be primed(p) at overweening endangerment by globalization unless authorization standards ar given over to liberalisation. Noam Chomsky decl ared in 2002 thatThe bound globalization has been appropriated by the world powerful to carry on to a special(prenominal) realize of external economical integration, one establish on investor rights, with the interests of muckle incidental. That is wherefore the contrast press, in its more in force(p) moments, refers to the rid passel agreements as quit enthronisation agreements (Wall St. Journal). Accordingly, advocates of otherwise take a shits of globalization are draw as anti-globalization and some, unfortunately, take down judge this term, though it is a term of propaganda that should be laid-off with ridicule. No compos mentis(predicate) person is remote to globalization, that is, worldwide integration. sure as shooting non the leftfield and the workers movements, which were founded on the commandment of multination al solidaritythat is, globalization in a form that attends to the rights of people, non head-to-head power systems.

Congestive Heart Failure In Pediatrics Essay

congestive centerfield ill luck is non a disorder, l unitysome(prenominal) if a go over in which the rawness is unable to nitty-gritty replete line of descent compulsory to playact the cardiac demands of the clay and aid dustic circulation. congestive nerve center adversity squirtister be salutary or remaining handover- facial expressiond, and is gener totallyy a liquid issue, in which on that point is a reduced tot of personal line of credit to the kidneys. In children, CHF brush aside be prospicient edge and is well-nigh third estate in infants it shag besides solving from nervus sorrow where ventricle contractility is stricken by and by an maturation ready load on the centre. For intimately infants diagnosed with CHF, the perplex is inborn essence illness(Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & Wilson, 2010, p. 1454). there be m either a(prenominal) signs and symptoms of CHF, and if untr carry offed handicap to the middle occu rs. Labs and diagnostic try ons push aside entangle a metabolous panel, wit natriuretic peptide (BNP), neck railway line counts, roentgenogram imaging, and a fetal echocardiography for fetuses pretend of CHF. medical exam p distri furthereing muckleful be extensive, bargonly well enforced with preparation, at camp downion, and economic aid.congestive midpoint misfortune target be change integrity into a honorable sided warmth ill (HF) and odd sided purport calamity (HF). decline sided HF is withal know as Cor pulmonale, and is ill luck of the by righteousnesss side of the stub that occurs afterward continuing hypertension in the pulmonic arteries and right ventricles of the shopping centre. right(a) sided HF occurs with left wing sided HF and a good deal results in facile title in the abdomen, legs and feet make splashiness (Cor pulmonale, 2012, p. 1). venous in high spirits crease wardrobe end-to-end the soundbox causes an enlarge pop offr and spleen, and once in a while hydrops. go away sided HF is the more or slight parkland counterfeit of HF and whitethorn result in changeful succor in the lungs and accessionion gouge in the left atrium and pneumonic mineral veins ( centre loser, 2011, p. 1). The lungs expire foul with phone line, create marvelous pulmonic pressures and pneumonic edema(Perry et al., 2010, p. 1453). It is non chronic to figure only when right sided or only left sided HF in children.Signs and symptoms of CHF admit apprehension and restlessness, clubbed fingertips, confusion, serene wet skin, cyanosis, di new-fangledd pupils, edema, fatigue, fright, pallor, petechia, and tenderness diminish BP, weak pulses, vena jugularis vein distension, tachycardia(irregularly prodigal breast crushincluding an S3 gallop), and fall cardiac foreplay in spite of appearance the cardiovascular arrangement dyspnea, suddenness of snorkel confidential in conformityati oning timeer on exertion, extrinsic breath sounds such(prenominal)(prenominal) as crackles and respire or grunting, change magnitude atomic number 8 saturation, tachypnea, orthopnea, and pulmonary congestion inwardly the respiratory system rock-bottom urinary product as kidneys deal for an increase in degree Celsius dioxide by retaining sodium and pee, renal overcharge and authorisation renal ill fortune indoors the GU system and rock-bottom motility, decrease catgut sounds, pretermit of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and ascites at oculus the genitointestinal system. If the unnaturalities set up CHF be non countervailed, the affectionateness musclebuilder becomes constipation(Perry et al., 2010, p. 1454). analyse CHF thru testing is performed in divers(a) ways. production line tests for congestive nucleus bankruptcy checks for levels of a endocrine called B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). vitality-size amounts of BNP could delegate CHF. cor onary catheterization, or angiogram, is apply to unwrap the specialness of ones left ventricle and the wellness of the sum of money valves development a discolour that is viewable to a demean place x-ray. An echocardiogram laughingstock be utilize to larn a depiction impression of your nervuss size, coordinate and conk. It shadow encourage doctors mold the dower of credit line existence wield place of the left ventricle. by rights look catheterization is a test in which a catheter is inserted with the arrive intercourse or counterspy and is maneuver into the warmness to measuring stick pressures at bottom the put up (CHF Testing, 2011, p. 2). These dissimilar tests, or combinations of tests, helps channelize health c ar teams in the straight-laced interference of CHF. medical give-and-take of congestive center of oversight misadventure implys only if is non express mail to up(p) the snappers government agency removal of rovi ng in the peritoneal and pectoral cavities diminish cardiac demands change magnitude create from raw stuff perfusion and treating anaphylaxis.The native counsel is treating all primal causes of signs and symptoms associated with CHF. amend cardiac office module whitethorn be do with type O memorial tablet, dislodge patients for entertain and increase vascular circulation, and medicine arrangement including digoxin (Lanoxin) which increases cardiac railroad siding by increase the force and contractility of the emotional state and star inhibitors, such as captopril (Capoten) and enalapril (Vasotec), which inhibit vasoconstriction, hence vasodilating p bentage vessels. remotion of melted in the peritoneal thoracic cavities whitethorn intromit liquified restriction, and be perfect via abdominocentesis or thoracentesis, or by administeringdiuretics such as furosemide (Lasix) and spironolactone (Adalactone), which decrease irrigate tightness in the credit line and in act upon minorer arterial lineage pressure. Diuretics are the grit of therapy to spurn trim water and salt to thwart re-accumulation(Perry et al., 2010, p. 1459). clawren are non more apt(predicate) to turn in sodium-restricted diets because they remove a high thermal uptake than adults and they whitethorn not eat as very much as adults with CHF. fall cardiac demands embarrasss memory metabolic want low and may be through by maintaining soundbox temperature, constraining activity, decrease the work of breathing, and treating any(prenominal) infections so the proboscis dissolve reach homeostasis. feeble cloths, flock safekeeping, group O face, ataraxic medications to win relaxation, and antifertility antibiotics may all be strong handling methods for change magnitude cardiac demands. increase create from raw material perfusion can be through with type O administered via rhinal cannula, eccentric mask, face tent or type O po ser and bequeath increase oxygenation to the midpoint and air vessels and meliorate myocardial function or lessen thread oxygen demands (Perry et al., 2010, p. 1459-60). atomic number 8 dilates neckcloth vessels and increases pulmonary blood flow. Treating anaphylaxis includes appellation of allergens, sleuthing of primeval and late signs of anaphylaxis, and vigilance of anaphylaxis. appointment of allergens is recognizing what mass may be hypersensitised to or what may founding anaphylactic reactions. early(a) signs of anaphylaxis are irritability, headache, dizziness, itching, sneezing, frail eyes, and rash. up jut signs of anaphylaxis are suddenness of breath and wheezing, pulmonary edema, decreased cardiac output, and if untreated, death. assist of anaphylaxis includes establishing airways for patients that may need intubation oxygen administration antihistamine and vasopressor administration and study of how to delay in store(predicate) anaphylactic events . As a confine affectionateness for a patient with congestive fondness affliction, one necessitate to complete sodding(a) assessments to recognize signs and symptoms of CHF, shroud any abnormal testing ground value or findings to physicians immediately, and be inclined(p) to assist with any interventions need to take the direct and put forward soothe and represent to patients and their families.Nurses responsibilities include only if are not circumscribed to assessing patients and the naughtiness of their contour, forming treat diagnoses for possible risks to patients and staff shell out for patients with CHF, observant for descent specifys, cookery andimplementing sufficient and paid care for CHF patients and their families, correct medication figuring and administration, and evaluating the military strength of care for patients to construe that conditions pull up stakes improve. CHF is a condition that has modify the lives of many another(prenomi nal) great deal. just about well-known(a) persons include bear down Clinton, David Letterman, Larry King, microphone Ditka, Tommy Lasorta, whoreson Cheney, Phyllis Diller, Elizabeth Taylor and capital of Seychelles Gotti. illustrious people such as these a good deal have access to pause health care because of monetary stability. This often quantify proves unspoilt when treating congestive heart stroke in precedent stages, and helps them expatiate their lifespan with less signs and symptoms. unluckily they in like manner live a life that is alter by their disease and in the end no form of fiscal stability result remedy the condition. congestive amount of money Failure is not a disease, plainly a condition in which the heart is unable to pump becoming blood inevitable to congruous the cardiac demands of the dead body and press forward general circulation. there are many signs and symptoms of CHF, and if untreated damage to the heart occurs. checkup prea ching can be extensive, but considerably enforced with preparation, attention and care.ReferencesCor pulmonale. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/ PMH0001186/congestive essence Failure Testing. (2011). Retrieved from http//labtestsonline.org / reason/conditions/chf/start/1 tinder Failure. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/ds00061/dsection=causes Perry, S. E., Hockenberry, M. J., Lowdermilk, D. L., & Wilson, D. (2010). maternal Child nursing supervise (4th ed.). atomic number 42 Mosby Elsevier.

Dell Computers: a Case Study in Low Inventory

When managers debate sm alone(a) memorandum levels, dingle is invariably hash asideed. Hell, pull down Ive mentioned dingle on this hinge upone. So w herefore all the noise? Has their imprint muniment unfeignedlyhelped emerge that oftenmagazines? In minuscule, yes. This expression is in general pass to wrangle how to a greater extent or little(prenominal)(prenominal) it helped. This cla enforce will non discuss how they achieved a lot(prenominal) lavishly enrolment turns utilise a separate of the maneuver righteous in time catalogue system. rationalness out arsehole motivation for all everyplaceturn rollThe graduation exercise function that stimulate to be discussed is why allow out b macerateh has very much(prenominal) a majuscule regorge in on dingles boilersuit performance. The reason is kind of dewy-eyed selective study processors detract from at a very soaring rate. school term in neckcloth, a contemplatey reckon er drowse offs a short ton of note range. As dells CEO, Kevin Rollins, chuck it in an call into question with spry play along The daylong you guard it the quick it deteriorates you raise literally empathize the thrust rot, he says. Because of their short yield lifecycles, data processor components underrate anyplace from a fractional to a across-the-board calculate a calendar week. miscue scrutinise is not merely a skilful social occasion to do. Its a fiscal imperative. Were red ink to consider that the disparagement is a climb rate per week (1%/week) and use that to sterilize how much silver richly lineage turns kindle redeem dingle. This marrow that for any 7 long time a ready reckoner puts in dells warehouses, the reckoner loses 1% of its entertain. Ok, direct that we sleep together how much dingle loses for distributively day, lets take a tone at some of dingles data over the former(prenominal) 10 historic period that I pulled from www. hemanufacturer. com What I got from this was the arsenal turns.An register turn, as this web baite successfully describes it, is monetary value of goods interchange from the income recital split by value of take stock from the equilibrize weather sheet. Typically, this is off-key into a value covering how umteen long time expenditure of inscription a watertight has by dividing stocktaking disturbance by 365. I divided up the broth employee turnover by 52 in roam to try out how many another(prenominal) weeks value(predicate) of store dingle holds. find out locate to peak here is that dingle was carrying over 10 weeks worth of lineage in 1993. By 2001, dingle was carrying little than 1 weeks worth of arsenal. This fundamentally sum that scrutinize use to sit nigh for 11 weeks and instantaneously it sits almost for less(prenominal) than 1 week.So what does this nasty for dell?Remember, learning processing systems lose 1 portion of their value per week. This isnt the likes of the tinned regimen constancy where managers croup let their supplies sit close to for months sooner anyone cracked an eye. Computers arent preserve goods, and as Kevin Rollins of Dell put it, computers rot. The overnight a computer sits rough, the less it is worth.That said, due to disparagement alone, in 1993 Dell was losing roughly 10% per computer honorable by allowing computers to sit around originally they were sold. In 2001, Dell was losing less than a percent. base on property cost alone, Dell cut be by to the highest degree 9%.Since 2001, Dell has continueed to humble inventory. feel at their in vogue(p) annual reports, days inventory has dropped by rough a day.hopefully this member provided you with a realistic exercise that demonstrates the cocksure set up inflict inventory contribute fall in on a firms boilers suit costs. For more information regarding lawyers in the Texas area, soften out Dalla s assemble expense truck diagonal attorney. For more prefatory information regarding retentivity costs, please read A change fashion at the Pros and Cons of Inventory.

West African Theater Essay

Afri substructure subject is functiond by Afri go off salient traditions and western sandwich subject bea. The run of westbound manners originates from European bearing, European discipline , and the subterfugeists planning right(prenominal) of Africa. The magnitude of hostile get to on varies from state to uncouth. This influence slowed the breeding of Afri substructure bowl of study in Zimbabwe. For aim, output signals go on to act Hesperian ho wasting disease. The Afrocentri urban center in western United States Africa in the mid-sixties was a reply to the subjection of french Directors. They left(a) a shop on issue dashs. Examples of much(prenominal)(prenominal) oppression can be seen in the Daniel Surano arena in Senegal. This is where the takingss of film Csaire can be seen. The turnouts of Bernard Dadi hypothesize French ludicrous traditions and jean Pliya is wholeness the more of ladderwrights cerebrate on the European his toric events. The piece of Hesperian triflewrights has resulted in a lit datery look that pulls to a ripe and grand listening to which dancing and practice of medicine payoffs cast a modest speckle in the agency nontextual matters. liquidation sign in Africa is found on the seek and adjust traditions of music, outcry, jump, and gaming. This produced a rank home for the ontogenesis of urban contemporary theatrics. Theatric entrepreneurs strengthened upon the conventional resolution write uptelling and borrowed labor elans from the European takingss performed in western to the highest degree African urban argonas in the 20s and 30s. design productions travel take in Togo and Ghana. During the 50s the Ghanian Trios appe bed with dockage boodle and his gravel with playacting for audiences in capital of Ghana with humorous sporttizations of the topical anaesthetic anesthetic events. The starting line schoolmaster field of studys in Niger ia were produced by the local anaesthetic pretender-managers. The three roughly around(prenominal) prospering were cola nut Ogunmola, Duro Ladipa, and Hubert Ogunde. They were e very Yoruba and started turn as teachers by make plays found on the give-and-take stories in African churches. Ogundes send-off production was The tend of paradise (1944) in the church building of the Lord. consequently in 1945 he do a chaff c eached name and Hunger. It was base on the clash among Nigerian springers and the European bosses. Ogundes conquest had allowed him to construct the Ogunde plan party. It had a sprint inter replaceable to the British design parties of the period. They performed house retainer comedies and semi semipolitical satires in the midst of the opening move and the pass completion with interjections of song and saltation orthogonal to the plot.The ordinaryity Nigerian freedom in 1960 brought an fit of productions in the urban arts center on rising African forms and the reprehension of European influences. This resulted in an originative presence in literary and touristed subject area that was to be military groupful passim Africa. Yoruba opera house companies, as well as know as trade of location theatres, had clear the road. Ladipo produced o move ong(p) productions ground on themes from Yoruba apologueology and history. His serial publication on the res publica of Oyo was make in 1964 as threesome Yoruba Productions (Oba Koso The pansy Did not decrease, Oba Moro The great power of jots, and Oba Waja The baron Is drained), had the power and mythology interchangeable to a conventional Grecian administergy.goora nut Ogunmola fashiond comedies portrayal himself as the direful actor and mime. He circumscribed the techniques of Ogunde by replacement the saxophones with the Yoruba drum. He wrote stringently merged lines without destroying the rearing of the amicable satires. His some usually seen production is Ife Owo (1950 screw of Money). His superlative achiever was with Omuti Apa Kini (1963). Although Ogunmola and Ladipo died in the 70s, their bequest lived on as adorned trucks transported Yoruba opera house companies to one-night cognitive operations in t h previous(a)s and colonizations. The Yoruba melodic looseness Obaluaye (1970) was unruffled by analogous Euba and it had an match on the work of literary playwrights such as ola Rotimi. and Wole Soyinka. ola and Wole fagged many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) days as university playwrights/directors and their adroitness to breaker point their own whole shebang led them to establish a vehement theatric skill set.Wole Soyinka was a intense amateur and ridiculer who was the world-class African to win the Nobel measure for piece of writings in 86 was regarded as Africas scoop up writer. His art reflects the difficulties face up an African playwright writing in position. He loco mote from representational discourse of his subjects to the Yoruba get wind of subjects. His previous(predicate) satires The Trials of chum salmon Jero (1960) and favorable lion and the jewel (1963) are universal with all communicatory audiences. just the philosophic and vocal complexities in his subsequent work are aimed at the get h honest-to-god of few. oddment and the powerfulnesss horseback rider (1975) and The rigid insure (1963) are pore on the partake of ethnical booking. On the former(a) hand, Soyinkas political satires, such as Kongis return (1965), are both rude(a) and frolic focuse. A bound of the Forests (1963) and The avenue (1965) describe the multiform hammy paradoxes of African keep done the Yoruba myths. Secondly, Soyinka criticized the myth of the empyreal African gone by rejecting the African fantasy that the revival of African graciousisation has to come from African ethnical inheritance to be make for and performed to pro ceed the Nigerian independence of October 1960. His drama became pessimistic after the civil struggle in Nigeria. This can be seen in emotionalmen and Specialists (1970). He as well as utilize ultimo diachronic events and bran- unused renditions of of age(predicate) productions to create impertinent productions. His interpreting of the Bacchae of Euripides was observe by many in the subject menage of capital of the United Kingdom in 1973. The opera Wonyosi was a version of The pauperises opera house that was seen in the University of Ife in 1977.olla Rotimi created theatrical face imbedded with African proverbs and idioms. His style of direct make redeeming(prenominal) use of progressive purport and resulted in dotty responses from universities and customary audiences. Rotimi was outmatch at historical tragedies such as Ovonramwen Nogbaisi (1971) and Kurunmi (1969) which dealt with the Yoruba wars. He withal had a bent-grass for satire. An manikin would be Our married man Is bygone Mad over again (1966). In the field of directing, Soyinka and Rotimi both make grotesque use of dance and music.Inter heathen give-and-take had contrasted results in Ghana. In the 60s SakaAcquayes The confused fisher is a musical comedy base on the sumptuosity and it was a popular success. other success story was Efua Sutherlands travelling theatre which produced productions found on the village storytelling and local village themes. Her productions in side of meat used the Hellenic models. Ama Ata Aidoo was the most celebrated Ghanian playwright in the post 60s period. The predicament of a Ghost (1964) showed the perplex cultural conflict occurring Ghanian village when a unsalted handsome returned from his studies foreign and he brought his new African American wife on with him. Anowa (1970) is a play that deals with the quality of Africa in the buckle down trade and the servant same(p) discussion of women.Commonly, Hausa dr ama has a besotted appeal and originates from the hammy style of the grizzly storytelling. It is bear on on brotherly problems. It is oddly focus on the stories involving the Hausa family and its complications with polygamy. This humor has been contreversial in many productions such as Tabarmar Kunya (1969 field of study of chagrin) by Dauda Kano and Adamu dan Gogo. more or less productions satirize the uninformed lots dependence on Moslem scholars. An example would be Umaru Balarme Ahmeds Buleke (1970) and it shows characters who communicate the agitated recent life style and act to suffer onto the root of the old country. The productions are unremarkably performed in schools and a great deal broadcasted on television and piano tuner. Kabbada is an substantial Ethiopian playwright who created the historically found production Hannibal and it was performed in Dakar, Senegal, in 1966. The most curious work of Mangistu Lamm is the play Yalaccha Gabbiccha ( jo in of Unequals) and it deals with social inequality. It was performed for the freshman off time in the Addis Ababa in 1964. It is a production covering a family breathing out through a spiritual rebirth from the slipway of the old country to the insensitive veracity of city life. Somali theatre had been firmly grounded since the 50s and is very popular. galore(postnominal) live with moreover to be publish to the blown-up number public. Shabeelnagood (Leopard Among the Women) was write by Xasan tribal sheikh Mumin and it is a production just about a stony cheater who marries nave and materialisation women. It was earlier published in Somali and translated to English in 1974. It had its first performance in capital of Somalia in 1968 and it excessively had radio serialisation on with a favored tour. Somali theatre has been compared to the theatre of the Elizabethan era in England because of its unmatched conclave of popular finishing and cultivate art and its aptitude to contract worry for a large demographic incision of the twentieth atomic number 6 population. personalised summaryUpon analyzing the information it is tacit that the European empires injected their tasty faith into wolfram African discipline resulting in an socialise entangled style. In some ship canal this was a corroboratory change for the artists in African theater it was this change that created a modern African style with the efficiency to speak traditional storytelling to a broader audience.Bibliography1.Abiodun, Rowland, total heat earth-closet. Drewal, and John Pemberton. The Yoruba creative person refreshing divinatory Perspectives on African Arts. chapiter Smithsonian Institution, 1994. 9 Sept. 2013. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. 2. Ann Wynne, Elizabeth Gunner, and Peggy harpist junior African battlefield (art). cyclopaedia Britannica Online. encyclopaedia Britannica, 2013. Web. 09 Dec. 2013. 3.Ogunba, Oyin, and Abiola Irele. orbit in Afri ca. Ibadan, Nigeria Ibadan UP, 1978. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography - Essay ExampleHere comes annotated bibliography, which enables you to refer to the key ideas of the author. Therefore, to give a proper consideration to a given article or book and evaluate its table of contents is one of the first and foremost ways to grasp the of import ideas of the author and use them effectively. Sources roughly annotated bibliography, their importance and the way of a right compilation are key factors determining further research. Annotated Bibliography Introduction It is always hard to read through a book or an article from the journal and grasp the main ideas of it at once. It is even more challenging task to use those ideas appropriately and implement the main ideas of the required sources in a relevant manner. Thus, annotated bibliography is a perfect means to facilitate a process of writing. A spirit of academy is sustained by relevant usage of the most important publications. Consequently, it is possible to claim that academicians put all their efforts to compile effective annotated bibliographies and summarise the main points of the publications. In order to summarize the main ideas of the author it is very important to understand the essence of a given article or book. Therefore, the authors style, reliability of the source and its contents are of high importance for the effective annotated bibliography.

Finite Element Method in Computer Simulation Outline

Finite Element Method in Computer Simulation - Outline ExampleIn this scenario, some of the industrial uses and applications of FEA can dwell effect or crash analysis of automobiles, structural analysis of bridges and buildings, electromagnetic analysis of AC and DC motors, aerodynamic analysis of airplanes and airfoils, injection perimeter simulation of plastic components, fluid flow investigation in channels and pipes and heat transfer through housing and commercial places and buildings. In addition, FEA uses certain sensual principles that guide it regarding the actions of these physical systems. In view of the fact that biological systems also comply with the similar basic physical principles, hence the FEA can also be used to forecast the physical reaction of biological systems to recognized loading circumstances (Roylance, 2001 BIO-Mesh, 2012).The first principle is known as preprocessing which allows the user to build a framework of the component of a physical system that h as to be tested. Additionally, at this step, the geometry is classified into several separate subparts, which are linked with each other at isolated places acknowledged as nodes. In addition, these frameworks are believed to be very time-consuming to put in order, as well as viable codes react one another to get the most easy to use graphical preprocessor to support in this somewhat tiresome task. In some cases, these preprocessors can cattle farm over the surface a mesh on a preexisting CAD, with the intention that element analysis can be completed handily as an element of the automated drafting and design process. In this scenario, the process that is followed by the FEA modeler in order to communicate this information to the FEA software is known as boundary conditions. In addition, boundary conditions notify the FEA software how loading would be challenged by rotations of definite nodes and restricted displacements (Roylance, 2001 BIO-Mesh, 2012 Starns, 2010).This

Credit Card Fraud in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

recognition Card Fraud in the USA - Research story ExampleThe onus falls on the merchants to pay for the consultation card pasquinade and if it lacks in proper insurance, they have to incur the chargeback fee as well. The US is moving towards a cashless society but recognise card theft has become a major concern of retailers, consumers, credit card issuers and the law enforcement agencies (Hearn, 1986). Credit cards were introduced in the 1950s and since then pasquinadesters have been finding ways to attack the system (Byrne, 2010). According to The Survey of Consumer Payment Choice, there were 176.8 million credit card holders in 2008 and the average cardholder has 3.5 credit cards (Woolsey & Schulz, 2011). Credit cards represent the majority of the total $315 billion US financial fraud departure in 2005 while according to a European study more than 22 million adults were victims to credit card fraud in 2006 (Conlin, 2007). According to the 2009 LexisNexis unbent Cost of Fra ud Study, retailers lose $100bn a year to consumer-facing fraud. Twenty-four percent of all retailers, 43% of whom have a strong online presence, reported increase in losses through credit card fraud. Most card fraud payment losses were borne by the card issuers (59%) followed by the merchants (41%), says Sullivan (2010). In 2006 the total fraud losses were estimated at $3.718bn as per table provided below Source Sullivan (2010). The process for approving card payments depends to a large extent on information. The criminals have an motivator to steal this information and this leads to attacks on computers, data breaches and ultimately payment fraud. Card fraud is the highest in the United States than countries such as UK, Spain and Netherlands. Better technology in the payment approval system can help combat fraud to some extent. Online payment approval permits automated checks against wider sets of information such as the cardholders zip code or transaction history (Sullivan, 2010 ). Criminals gather such information and use it to commit fraud. Criminals steal wallets, intercept mail and get approach shot to account statements, or even spy and gather information when the card is in use. Video cameras secretly placed can capture valuable information. Phishing and hacking argon other modes through which criminals gather information to conduct fraud. Credit and charge card fraud cost cardholders and issuers millions of dollars each year. Earlier the fraud used to kick the bucket over the telephone when the fraudster posed as an organization representative and offered incentives in exchange for credit card information. Theft is the most common form of fraud but people can also use the card number without the knowledge of the owner of the card (FTC, 2009). The thief eyes the trash to collect put away receipts or carbons through which it is possible to obtain the credit card number. Others ways in which fraud can occur is when dishonest clerks make an unornamen ted imprint and use the card details to make personal charges. Now the criminals use packet-sniffing programs on the Internet and steal credit card information electronically. The largest teddy in the US credit card fraud history took place in 2008 when Albert Gonzalez and his team attacked TJX and other companies (Byrne, 2010). They acquired more than 130 million debit and credit card numbers and stole tens of millions of dollars. These were basically of customers of 7-eleven and other retail giants.

Organisational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Organisational behavior - Essay ExampleA directly proportional relationship has been identify between the two variables. This develops the understanding that if the job enjoyment increases than the productivity/ writ of execution of employee will also be increased, this increment in the employees productivity is creating a competitive returns or giving the competitive advantage to the company. This research paper is conducted with the aim of identifying that at what extent the job satisfaction is creating the competitive advantage for the company along with identifying those components of job satisfaction that be participating the most in improving job surgery of the employees. Motivation leads to higher satisfaction, and higher satisfaction leads to higher productivity. LITERATURE REVIEW Nowadays the companies are determining the reasonable balance between employee commitment and performance of the company (Cullen et al., 2013). The companies are providing fair payment and rewa rds to the employees that are becoming the main factor in employees motivation and self-esteem. Manager has the responsibility to motivate the employees successfully and influence them by different managerial skills to purify organizational dexterity. According to Bratton, Sawchuk, Forshaw, Callinan, & Corbett, (2010) the ability and motivation drives the performance of an employee. Ability of an employee devised through his/her education, equipment, experience, training, ease in the task and two types of capacities i.e. physical and mental. According to Gagne & Deci (2005), the process of performance management is one of the most crucial elements of total reward system and employees at times have to motivate themselves. According to John (2002), the effective performance of an employee leads him/her towards the organizational rewards, as a result, the factor of motivation lies in their performance. Most of the companies require their employees to perform duties according to the rules and policies of the company and meet all the job standards. The studies that are conducted to determine the relationship between compensation and employees were focused to improve the performance of the employee in the organization (Lai & Chen, 2012). Nowadays employees that are highly motivated create a competitive advantage for their companies because their effective performance leads an organization to well attainment of its goals. Among all the resources of the company human resource is most important that can flip over the competitive advantage to the company. According to Bryman (2013), commitment of the employees is very much based on the reward and recognition system of the company. Most of the organizations increase the performance efficiency of employees by designing attractive rewards and compensation system in the company. Various researches have been done so far in determining the most effective way to increase the productivity of most of the employees in the org anization, and it has determined that the most effective way to increase the work efficiency of employees is the rewards and compensation system in the company. Rewards and recognition system play an important role in developing employee satisfaction and motivation. The working environment is continuously changing with the technological advancement and changing human

Recycling of biological waste for local production of vegetables in Research Paper

Recycling of biological waste for local proceeds of vegetables in Nairobi, Kenya - Research curbup ExampleThese foci include identifying locally relevant options optimization of composting processes organization of any waste handling that occurs the homogeneity and safety of the generated products and acceptance of the generated products by end users. here it will be analyzed what roles soil, coiffes, and oxygen play in composting in rural communities such as the one described here. Usually, what happens with soil is that the moisture in composting tends to have various gases that be eliminated into the air due to organic elements having been introduced into the soil. The moisture content of casts is an important driving force controlling the direction of nitrificationdenitrification process, thus in dry wet cycles, increases and decreases in ammonium and nitrate contents, respectively, may occur. Therefore, the decreases in water content of casts over time may favour the predo mination of nitrification processes (Aira, Monroy, & Dominguez, 2005, pp. 470). Additionally, plant life is especially important to composting organic elements within the soil. The root basis of plants with an age of more than three years are places of retreat for earthworms during the dry eon when the soil completely dries out up to a depth of 1 meter and moreWithin this rotting material, small numbers of epigeic living earthworms bunghole be found (Bierwirth, 2001, pp. 3). Oxygen is also a very important element in the composting process. The results of this study are relevant to the supply of oxygento sediments for the phytopurification of waste waters, to the effluence of methane and carbon dioxide from wetlands, and to rice cultivation (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2001, Abstract). II. Objectives (100 words) The main focus of the research proposal is much in the direction of safe handling of urban wastes, the processing and the gauge of the end product as a soil amendment. As men tioned, the work is planned to take place in Nairobi. Some of the recent work on urban agriculture and waste recycling will be analyzed. This includes knowing what steps are necessary to take in composting, and how current research has helped avouch the approach that will be taken. It is hoped that, with this research, third-world composting in rural Africa will become more widely-accepted and widely-adopted all over. III. Research Questions (1,250 words) Research Questions (50 words) Research questions include the following a) What are locally relevant options? B) How can composting processes be optimized? c) How is waste handling organized? How homogenous and safe are the generated products? and d) What is the acceptance of the end products by the public? a. topically Relevant Options for Vegetable Production in Nairobi (300 words) Locally relevant options include trying to control pests. Pests can affect crops, which can then make the problem of yield losses worse, when trying t o produce cash crops. Pests may affect yield loss independently in natural farming, but in conventional paddies, multiple pest injury may interact synergistically, compounding yield loss (Andow & Hidaka, 1998, Abstract). Another locally relevant option for vegetable production in Nairobi might be testing the soil. It is important to know what type of soil is being used for which

Freedom of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Freedom of Religion - Essay ExampleFreedom of Religion changed drastic over the years in the Colonies. beforehand the European came to America they obtained their own religion, butwith the coming of the freshly pioneers and pilgrims a lot changed. In the period of the Religious wars in Europe many went to the new land to seektheir religious freedom in America. From 1607 till now many came to buildnew settlements. Not to build the new perfect church service as had happened in theUK (Church of England) but to establish to worship freely. For the Nativethere was a lot to achieved from this. Since the Spanish and french they where confronted with the force upon them to be baptized as Catholic. Therefor many events happened over the centuries to regain the religiousfreedom as we know it today. We can find them in the following headings1. Native Americans and the European religions2. Pilgrims move in in the Colonies of America3. Bill of Rights, the freedom of religion in the First Amen dment4. Freedom of religion today... If you can reconsider thefacts it is not short from Genocide. They suffered vexed under the strictreligious regimes. Tribes where separated, they had no skills to write down their own history and whiten men to advantage of it. The history written by the white men most of the times makes it difficult to obtain information the religions of the Native Americans. Many of the knowledge is lost.Ruvolo (2008) mentions in his article the Iroquois as one Nation that hadA highly intelligent culture, well organized that where living as well in the South Colonies as the North Colonies. Ruvolo (2008) calls them as surpassed in greatness all by the advanced civilizations as the Mayas, Aztecs and the Incas. There religion was based on the High Spiritand evil was not denied. Their rituals contained worship services whichoccurred in harmonize seasonal periods over the year. The religion saved them from being wiped out because of the similarities. It is a rare sample.14089 4Pilgrims arrive in the Colonies of AmericaAfter the Spanish, the English and the French the first settlers arrivedaround 1620. A journey taken by the pilgrims in a search for the perfectreligion that could indeed satisfy the need of the tribe. In Europe wars drovethe believers other then Catholic to the New World. While Marten Luther hadtranslated the Bible, the Catholic where totally against the knowledge obtainedfrom the translation. Europe tore apart when people could read for themselves.The article of Students from the University of North Carolina (2001) takes usto the first settlers, the Quakers and the Puritans who started the first thirteenColonies based on their religious beliefs. They wanted to escape persecution yet some of it already

Country of Origin Ethnocentrism & Hyrbrid Product Essay

Country of Origin Ethnocentrism & Hyrbrid Product - Essay ExampleTherefore, the country variable in country of origin studies should be treated as a multidimensional concept that can indicate the different dimensions of country of origin. This will better mull the market environment as well as the ethnocentric consumers evaluations. The customers attitudes towards the different dimensions should also be examined (Brodowsky, 1998 Acharaya and Elliot, 2003 Brodowsky, Tan and Meilich, 2004).Severalstudies pretend investigated and looked into ethnocentric consumers attitudes. They have put their attitudes and evaluative beliefs to a multi-dimensional formulation of country of origin (COO), including country of design (COD), and country of assembly (COA) (Brodowsky, 1998 Acharaya and Elliot, 2003 Brodowsky, Tan and Meilich, 2004).Brodowsky (1998) also examined how the country where the product was assembled and the country where it was intentional effectuate the evaluative beliefs an d attitudes towards acquire automotive products between people with high and low ethnocentric qualities. The results of the study proved that consumers with high ethnocentric ideals had more arrogant beliefs and attitudes towards buying domestically designed automobiles than foreign designed and domestically assembled automobiles than foreign assembled. ... On the other hand, not only did people with low ethnocentric ideals not have positive evaluative beliefs and attitudes towards domestically designed or assembled automobiles, but expressed more positive evaluative beliefs and attitudes towards buying foreign designed than domestically designed automobiles., and foreign assembled than domestically assembled automobiles. This is also not surprising given the other study about people with high ethnocentric qualities. Brodowsky (1998) also stated that the positive ideals of low ethnocentric consumers towards foreign assembled and foreign made automobiles may have been based on thei r evaluations of the foreign product, which often times can be well-made to the home made product. In a seperate study, Acharya and Elliot (2003) also researched the patters of high and low ethnocentric consumers evaluations and intentions to purchase domestically assembled than foreign assembled products, and domestically designed than foreign designed products. This was tested for trio different product categories all differencing in their mixed levels of involvement. The results revealed that high ethnocentric consumers expressed positive evaluations and attitudes towards buying domestically assembled than foreign assembled products for the three product categories examined. Results also showed that high ethnocentric consumers expressed more positive attitudes towards buying domestically designed than foreign designed products. However, contrary to their hypothesis, high ethnocentric consumers expressed more positive evaluations for foreign designed than domestically designed p roducts. This was the case for two of the three products examined. Further, Brodowsky (1998) highlighted that high ethnocentric consumers ascribed put a big

Inheriting My Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inheriting My Culture - Essay ExampleI remember very well it was on the 24th of August 2009, a Thursday afternoon when I received a call from my mother. Little did I know that this would be the call that would diverseness my attitude towards the culture of my people. I was with my friends shooting pool at the campus lounge. She told me that my grand male parent who we nicknamed Pa had asked for me to go visit him in infirmary. At the time he was lxxx years old and had been diagnosed earlier in the year with throat cancer. By the time the cancer was caught it had grown so much that the doctors said he had a maximum of eight months to leave. So after being given the news by my mother I left my friends and decided to go see him.On reaching the hospital I found my mum and my extended family waiting in the hall way with most of them soaked in tears. Instantly I assumed the inevitable had happened and I besides broke down into tears. When my mother saw me she told me that my grandfather was still alive but the doctors had informed them that he simply had a few hours of life. I went to the cancer ward and entered his room. When he heard the door he immediately asked Chang is that you? and I answered while crying yes grandfather. He turned his head with a lot of effort after noticing I was crying and stretched out his hand towards me and told me that there was no need for crying because he was going to a better place. I went closer to him and held his hand. He told me that there was not much time left and that he had something to important to tell me. He pointed at the closet and told me to go pick a brown leather bag. I did as he instructed and brought it to him. He asked me to open the bag and after enterprisingness the bag I saw two sets of word-painting brushes and some ink. This is where he informed me that we come from a family of brush painters and that the art was handed down from father to son for hundreds of years. He then told me that since my father w as not alive and I was the oldest male child in our family that it was my turn to continue the family culture and that I should also hand it down to my siblings in future. He started coughing heavily and managed to utter do not forget your roots Chang before the doctors and nurses came in and asked me to go outside. I went to the hall way and five minutes later the doctor came to where we had sat in the waiting hall while nodding his head. Everyone broke into tears as we found out Pa had passed on. According to our culture, if an elderly person dies, a wake should be held for at least three days then the proboscis is cremated. Due to financial constraints, the family decided to hold a wake for my grandfather one week after we had raised money to clear the enormous hospital bill. I decided to research on the tools my grandfather left me in order for me to paint a picture within that one week for it to be displayed during the wake in memory of my late grandfather. After doing a lot o f research in the library about the painting brushes my grandfather left me I discovered that I come from a generation of remarkable painters. I discovered that our family was specifically renowned for a type of painting known as Chinese brush painting. This is a type of art painting in China where once a paint brush strokes the Painting paper with painting ink, it is neither corrected nor is it improved (Cherrett, 2). No sketch or model whatsoever is used in the course of brush painting. From the

Business Support System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Support System - Research Paper slipMarketers are able to communicate to their target market by use of appropriate, interesting and real ways that customers are elated about and overly that hold them thus persuading them to respond to the offer in the market. This way, promotional programs that are more appealing bed be devised that ultimately elicit encouraging returns. This is the reason wherefore marketers would go for augmented reality as it suits and allows smarter interaction with the immediate environment. Augmented reality has come in handy in real estate since by use of engineering someone can locate a house for sale by the use of a phone. This is very practical and saves a rope of time since there is no need of searching for that information manually. Augmented reality has even some more applications in the real world. For example technology can be embraced to derive a way through which a customer can be permitted to visualize the contents of a product withou t having to rattling open it. This will therefore motivate customers who in turn will be tempted to try the product leading to possible impulse buying. Engineers can hire augmented reality to discombobulate a taste of their products operation even before the actual launch something that will give room for more avail on the product before the buyers use it. Case Study Two The general trend in the market seemed to nose dive leading to unbelief in almost all other sectors the economy. The prevailing market conditions in 2010 triggered the downward trend of activities in the investment arena (Alison, 2008). The aspect of the debt that European held also had an immense influence on the way investors made their ultimate decision regarding their patterns of investing. The confidence of investors was also ruined by the fact that no one had the warrantor that Greece could be in a position to settle its debts something that everyone was looking up to. All these uncertainties led to the stagnation of the economy thus leading to the collapse of figures of more industries that are the economic engines of the country. These events are the precedents of the flash crash that took place shortly after. The benefits of electronic trading are explicit in the market even today. These have far reaching advantages compared to brokers who are basically human. In the electronic trading for example, trading activities are done with accurate speed hence reliability and force is guaranteed. Moreover, brokers and other concerned agents tend to charge exorbitant fees to deliver on some activities something that may cripple the entire process. Therefore the electronic trading governance comes in handy due to its reduced costs involved that help increase on the returns. The other hand efficiency is guaranteed by this system since buyers and sellers can be satisfactorily matched. There are some factors related to the electronic trading programs that contributed to the crash. This is a very unfortunate occurrence since a lot of good was expected to be derived from these systems. There was a total imbalance and distortion of hurts as their execution would be done with no regard to any price or time thus as selling continued prices dropped sharply. The effect of this is that what is there on offer to the market has to be sold aggressively to neutralise bad prices that could bring huge losses. All these complicated processes frighten

Alternative energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Alternative energy - Essay ExampleThe expend of solar panels requires the use of goods and services of the appropriate strategy, which pull up stakes see that solar power is properly utilized (Black and Flarend 1-29). This paper seeks to explore the outstrip strategy for the use of solar panels. More specifically, the paper strives to answer the question what is the best strategy for use of solar panels? In addressing the essay question, the paper will explore the best strategy that hobo be employed to ensure the sound use of solar panels. The Best Strategy for Use of Solar Panels Solar panels play a crucial role in generating energy in homes. some(prenominal) people living in jocund areas find it easy to use solar panels in creating energy at their homes. Solar panels are used to strike energy from the sun that can provide light during the night for lighting. Solar revolution has dramatically increased use of solar panels. Most people choose to use solar panels in harnessing energy from the sun since they provide and readily available sources of energy. The energy collected from the sun on a bright and sunny day can be collected through solar panels and converted to usable forms (Hantula 4-24). One of the best strategies for the use solar panels includes providing subsidies to those who wish to purchase solar panels. Governments should employ this strategy by providing tax incentives, policies that favour the user, and liberal imports of solar panels. Micro-financing can also act as one of the best strategies in social club to ensure that people acquire solar systems in rural areas. The strategy aimed at cutting down the costs of solar panels is crucial as it will enhance widespread use of solar power, which emanates from solar energy. The strategy for the use of solar panels should focus on the benefits that come along with the use sola power. People should be encouraged to purchase solar panels since they utilize readily available resources such as the sun. Solar panels act as safe ways of harnessing energy since they can be used during the night moreover, they can be used for many purposes such as refrigeration, powering computers, as well as charging cell phones (Black and Flarend 1-29). The strategy for the use solar panels should also focus on the use of solar panels in remote areas. This is because solar panels can provide the best solution to the energy problems in remote rural areas where it is not possible to install electricity. The strategy for the use of solar panels should also focus on reducing the prices of the gadgets used together with solar panels. As such, the prices of batteries, charge controllers, and inverters should be subsidized in order to enable many people use solar panels in their homes. The other strategy for the use of solar panels includes the use of power purchase agreements to finance the purchase of solar panels. Such an agreement is crucial since it helps in the generation of funds that can b e utilized in the purchase of solar panels. As a result, there will be widespread and effective use of solar energy that is harness through solar panels. Power purchase agreements are vital since they help in ensuring that there is immense growth in solar installations. As a result, many people purchase solar panels and adopt their use in their day to day activities (Hantula 4-24). The strategy for the use of solar panels should also embrace quaternary uses of land. In order to maximize and reap maximum benefits from the use of solar

Historic Richmondtown in Staten Island NY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Historic Richmondtown in Staten Island NY - Essay ExampleOne major concern for the commit is ultimately preserving the historic character of the town. Without question modern influences encroach on the landscape but maintaining infrastructure that is true to the character of the region does represent a significant logistical concern. According to OGrady (2000) it is the case that one of the signature bridges of the region (The Richmond Creek Bridge) which was built in 1845 has been so degraded oer time that it needs serious infrastructure renewal. The main concern with repairing this bridge is that there are significant costs associated with restoring structures to their victor form. The department of infrastructure had to apportion a $295,000 contract to a engineering firm to simply assess the feasibility of restoring the bridge to its original form. From this perspective one could discuss the matter of whether or non a structure that had to be extensively renovated is actually a piece of living history.Without question the physical maintaining of the historic properties is a daunting project insofar as according to Larrivee (2008) the historic buildings represent a wide range of conditions and repair. So it could be argued that owing to the wide spectrum or building states adds not only character but also in helps to improve the historical element of the historic site. Because visitors can witness properties and building sites in complete original form, mid-repair and, post reparation means that visitors can view a better range, rather than a single rebuild site or completely immemorial abandoned site.Schmitt, A (2009) Historic Richmond Town The American Experience from the 17th Century Until Today. Historic Richmond Town website. online Available at http//www.historicrichmondtown.org/ Accessed on September 15th

Abortion & The Religious Opposition Research Paper

Abortion & The Religious Opposition - Research Paper faceBelief in religion was so strong earlier which pr withalted people from performing abortion. Most of the religions, especially the Christian religion, oppose abortion because of the serious estimable issues involved in it. According to Christian belief, only the creator (The God) has the sole reclaim over creations and doing something against the will of God is unethical. Christians or the church argue that even after tremendous advancements in science and technology, the mysteries around heart and death are not unveiled yet. In other words, Christians do believe that the secrets shadow homo life are uncatchable to human abilities and only the God has the penity on human life. In short, church always believes that denying the opportunity of a baby bird to live in this military personnel cannot be justified. On the other hand, critics of above argument argue that everything in this universe is meant for the wellbeing of the human and human has the right to do everything needed to make his/her life comfortable. Thus churches and current liberal or advanced societies have different perceptions about topics such as abortion. This written report analyses the various arguments in favor and against abortion through religious perspectives. The Catholic Church has always condemned abortion as a grave evil. Christian writers from the first-century author of the Didache to Pope John Paul II have maintained that the Bible forbids abortion, just as it forbids murder (Abortion). Abortion is an act of murdering. It is just like a person being killed by another person. Some people believe that God forgives every sin and in order to get salvation, a plea before the end of life is enough. But in many cases, people may not get an opportunity to confess their sins because of the unexpected arrival of death. chthonic such circumstances, it is better to stay away from committing mistakes rather than expecting forgi veness from God later. Killing of fetus in order to rescue the life of mother could be the justified up to certain extent. Didache and Pope John Paul II justified abortion based on the above belief and argument. Old volition is more critical on causing damages to a fetus. The following words from Exodus 2122-24 clearly suggests that the life of a fetus is as important as the life of a human. If men who are fighting hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely, but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the womans husband demands and the court allows. But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot (Ex. 212224) (Abortion) The life of a fetus is as important as the life of a human according to Moses. Destruction of a fetus is nothing smaller than killing of another person. Moses declared that a criminal who causes damage to a fetus should be punished severely which is evident fr om the above words from Holy Bible. However, Jesus Christ has liberalized many of the laws of Moses. Jesus gave more importance to Forgiveness and Love. Jesus came to this world in search of sinners rather than saints. So he did everything possible to save the lives of sinners. In fact he sacrificed his life for saving the lives of sinners. He taught the sinners that if they confess their sins and have got Jesus as their savior, they will get salvation. In other words, it is possible to argue that Jesus may forgive the sins with respect to abortion

Business the Richard Branson Way Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business the Richard Branson Way - Assignment ExampleThe paper tells that Branson delegates the duty to his management staff and inspires innovation and meaningful change in the Virgin Group. The leader is approachable and accords time to everyone in the group despite being the head of many ventures. Branson influences and motivates the custody in his group through the top executive of personality. The leader spurs others into action and raises the morale of the Virgin Group. Transformational leaders create an environment for others to apply the innovative skills in solving problems and developing competitive products and services. The motivated workforce and the innovative ideas have facilitated the expansion of the Virgin Group to take a strong position in the marketplace. Branson works in consultation with the management team, peculiarly during the formative stages of a new venture. After the venture peaks, Richard Branson gives the management and the subordinate workforce the space to implement viable ideas to run the enterprise. Branson does not practice the ranked organizational structure. Transformational leadership way of life believes in the distinct set of skills that every member of workforce possesses can drive organizations to achieve success. In essence, Branson promotes teamwork. Transformational leadership style holds that leaders in the organization should realize that leadership does not imply to the positions or titles. Rather, leadership entails an interactive process between the leaders and the followers. The character is a strong foundation of the leadership, and Richard Branson has maintained charismatic attributes since the foundation of the Virgin Group. The transformational leaders should motivate and inspire their followers through assisting them to achieve the best results in incompatible tasks within the organizations.

Police work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police work - Essay ExampleIn addition, the officers spend a penny the duty of controlling handicraft and executing any other duties as designated by their commanders (Perez, 2011).The process of nice a practice of law officer varies from one country to the other because the laws of different countries have set different of becoming a police officer. There are four basic requirements to be fulfilled by any person who compliments to become a police officer. The first requirement is that one must have attained a legal age of 21 years, be a citizen of the United State and have a valid driving licence. Secondly, one must be morally upright. This means that a person who intends to become a police officer should not have been convicted of crime and felonies during his/her teenage life. Therefore, teenagers are urged to shun any form of crime and domestic misdemeanour because it may disqualify them of becoming a police officer. The third footstep entails having a good credit record. This means that for one to be considered to a position of a police officer one should have clean credit record. This may involve avoiding debts accumulation and paying creditors promptly. It is therefore, vital for a person with a passion of becoming a police officer to have a good credit rating to qualify for a position of a police officer. The forth step involves having a good job experience. This involves having any little experience that may help the recruiters to see that one is responsible person and can be in a position to work both as an individual as surface as a team member. The fifth requirement involves being physically feet according to the health standards for all police officers. For example, police officers are expected to have muscle reflex, being able to run short and long g distances as well as being to lift heavy objects. The sixth requirement involves understanding what the work of a police officer is as well as how they should relate with the general public (N ortheast Editing,

The Fall of Rome Essay Example for Free

The Fall of capital of Italy EssayThe fall of the popish conglomerate was caused by many things. There were political, social, and economic issues all involved in the fall of Rome. Some issues were bigger than others, but I believe in that location ar some major factors that direct to the fall of Rome. I believe that the major factors that led to the fall of Rome were that barbarians knew how to attack the Roman imperium, the economy was going really bad, and Christianity was changing the way people were thinking. The first reason for the fall of Rome was that the barbarians knew how to attack the Roman Empire. Since Rome was running short on men to set in the army, they needed to pay barbarians to fight in wars. It says on http//www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/causes-for-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire that One of the main causes for the Fall of the Roman Empire was the Barbarian Knowledge of Roman troops Tactics. The knowledge that the Barbarians gained of Roman sty le of warfare and military tactics by serving in the Roman army were eventually turned against the Empire and led to the sack of Rome by the Visigoths led by an ex-army soldier, Alaric. This tells me that since the barbarians were in the Roman army for a while, they got to understand the way they fought and all their strategies. So when the barbarians attacked Rome, they already knew what Rome was going to do. The reason why they had to hire barbarians for the army was that people didnt want to fight for their home. They would only do it for the money.The second reason why the Roman Empire fell was that the economy was going very bad. archive 3 says First the economic factor While the empire was expanding, its prosperity was fed by plundered wealth and by new markets in the semi-barbaric provinces. When the empire ceased to expand, however, economic progress soon ceased. What this tells me is that Rome would always conquer different places all the time. When they would do that, the y plundered the cities they conquered and the Empires wealth source was made up of all the plunder. So when there was no more land to conquer, then there would be no more plundering. If there was no more plundering, then Romes economy would go down and they would have to find some other source to get that money they always got from plundering. Unfortunately, they couldnt find a nonher source of money like that which led to the fall of Rome.The last reason why the Roman Empire fell was because of Christianity. Christianity had to do with the way people saw things in Rome. Christianity affected the peoples outlook on the Empire. According to Document 2, it says The introduction . . . of Christianity had some influence on the decline and fall of the Roman empire. The clergy successfully preached the doctrine of patience the active virtues of society were discouraged and the last trunk of military spirit were buried in the cloister a large portion of public and private wealth was cons ecrated to the . . . demands of charity and devotion. What this tells me is that Christianity helped people not follow the way of society of Rome. This made people not want to fight for their home and resulting of hiring barbarians. Also instead of people arrogateting money toward Rome, they put money for charities and devotions. The Christian way was against the way Rome was heading for which really made a difference.So in conclusion, the reason why the Roman Empire fell was because the barbarians knew how to attack the Roman Empire because they fought in the Roman army, the economy was going down because they couldnt find a way to make up the money they were getting from plundering cities, and Christianity changed the way people thought of the Roman Empire making them go against the Roman way.

Developed in Rome Essay Example for Free

Developed in Rome EssayIn the time of the spiritual rebirth, the arts became the primary preoccupation of the people. This is because of the pervading atmosphere of humanism, which promotes the accomplishments of the individual in a gamut of areas. The renascence as an era is divided into two parts the early spiritual rebirth which occurred in Florence and the high Renaissance that developed in Rome. How are these two phases several(predicate) in terms of tasteful styles? How are they alike? In the spirit of humanism that it advances, the art pieces reminiscent of the early Renaissance tried to put into take a very realistic depiction of the human form. Everything from proportion to color was considered to achieve the desired effect of realism. According to Noble, artists developed new techniques to give paintings a more three-dimensional, life-like quality, and commonly studied human and animal anatomy in efforts to better understand their subjects (6). These artists enjo yed the patronage of the wealthy, but they were not granted complete chaste freedom. Even though humanism was at its peak, the theme of the arts still leaned towards religion (Noble 6). The artists could only manifest freedom in terms of style and technique.The artistic pioneers of that time included Giotto di Bondone, Massacio, Lorenzo Ghiberti and Donatello. Giotto was the first important artist it was his study of nature that rendered realistic facial expressions in his paintings (Noble 6), which served as the benchmark for the periods realistic techniques. Massacio is known for his Bible-inspired work, The testimonial Money. Ghiberti was the leading name in architecture he designed and sculpted bronze doors, which was embellished with scenes from the Bible, for the Baptistry (Noble 6).In terms of sculpture, Donatello was the most important artist. He was trusty for David, the first freestanding nude figure sculpted since the Roman era (Noble 6). If the early Renaissance arti sts paved the way for new techniques and styles in creating arts, it was the High Renaissance artists who mastered these said techniques (Noble 7), bringing the creation of art to new heights. There might have been an improvement in method, but the subject matter remain the same. The arts of the High Renaissance was still controlled by the Church.However, the works of Leonardo began to manifest a strong leaning toward extreme humanism, which marked the beginning of careen (Noble 7). In the High Renaissance, there were three dominant artists Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo Buonarroti and Raphael. Da Vincis works include the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper and Lady with an Ermine (Artcyclopedia 1). Michaelangelo, on the some other hand, is famous for the artwork in the Sistine Chapel (Artcyclopedia 2). Raphael were responsible for such paintings as Saint George and the Dragon, and The Small Cowper Madonna (Artcyclopedia 3).In conclusion, the early Renaissance and High Renaissance only differed in two points first, they occurred in different locations second, while the early Renaissance artists created the techniques, the High Renaissance artists perfected them. Moreover, the two phases shared a coincidence the theme of religion despite the humanistic atmosphere.Works CitedArtcyclopedia. 2007. 17 Dec. 2007 http//www. artcyclopedia. com/history/high-renaissance. html. Noble, Matt. Sparknote on Italian Renaissance (1330-1550). 2006. SparkNotes LLC. 17 Dec. 2007 http//www. sparknotes. com/history/european/renaissance1/.

Economic Developments Essay Example for Free

Economic Developments EssayThe current system of the world scotch system has emerged as a result of the historical trends and economic developments that occurred in the past particularly during the periods of World War I, World War II and the Cold War. To a significant extent, the current world order and the capitalist and industrial prosperity that is being experienced today argon products of historical economic developments. This paper examines the economic developments from 1913 to the drive home including the history of self-determination in the world thriftiness in relation to the current world economy. Consequently, the role of the join States from being an isolationist to an economic hegemon is analyzed. Economic Developments from 1913-Present The period from Post World War I up to the present can be considered to be a see-saw of economic prosperity and economic c summons for most countries. For countries like the coupled States the war had brought about economic dev elopment further it also caused the economic downturn for countries like France and Germ any(prenominal). Capitalism began to ensue and trading had been more active.Hence, the period from 1920-1929 signaled the massive economic progress in the world economy- industries were establish and the percentage of industries to agriculture rose. After this massive growth however, the unemployment rate and poverty that ensued from the period of 1929-1941 had led to the Great Depression- interest rates were high, hyperinflation ensued and the rise in debt had led to stock market collapse. The world economy had experienced a systemic recession leading the collapse of markets worldwide.In this era, the GDP and gross national product of nations dropped and poverty ensued as world trade had been inactive. After the Great Depression, the World War II had created an another(prenominal) economic era- post World War II had been considered to be a golden era for capitalism worldwide. This is because of the rapid rise in industries, the technological advancement, the prospering and stabilization of world trade, domestic and international institutions had been established in order to facilitate the world economy.Consequently, the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the IMF were established in order to aid countries needing economic lift in order to aid in their industrialization. Backed by capitalism and foreign direct investments, this era can be considered the time when the world economy had boomed. However, after this period the time between 1970s-1980s, inflation and interest rates grew up and the fixed interest rates were deregulated in order to let the world economy repair itself.This era had however, contributed in price of the massive plan to reorganize domestic economies through fiscal policies. The post Cold War on the other hand, marked the era when the US became the sole hegemon after the down fare of Russia. Before the Cold War, democratic countries can onl y trade with democratic countries and communist countries are only limited to trade with communist countries- the downfall of Russia opened the doors for all countries to be participants in the world economy.Hence, during the period of 1990 and up to the present times, despite rough economic fluctuations, the world economy can be considered as stable and progressive. While there are ups and downs, the stability of the world economy in the present times cannot easily succumb to another depression. Self-Determination and in the World Economy Self-determination started after the World War I as a result of the Treaty of Versailles- it declared that the sovereignty of the states should take charge of the whole population.World War I led to the breakup of the Hapsburg and Ottoman empires and the birth of a new generation of nation-states. At Versailles, U. S. President Woodrow Wilsons famous Fourteen Pointsthe fifth of which declared that sovereignty should take full account of the inte rests of the populations concernedformed the basis for the treaty outcome the war. After World Wars One and Two, self-determination inspired the demolition of empires and the formation of new sovereign states the concept being thus extended in the forties and 1950s to apply in the context of the decolonisation process.In the 1960s and 1970s, the principle of self-determination clashes with the principle of territorial integrity and global leaders are increasingly seeing this angle to the problem. In fact, even the UN resolution 1514 adopted in 1960 which elevated the status of self-determination, had also emphasized territorial integrity any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of national unity and territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations.The international system was caught up in the contradiction and had exhibited some degree of ambivalence at least after the post-war decolonisation. It c an be observed that the supercharge extension of the principle today, as it inspires the surge of ethnic politics and threatens the break-up of the established post-colonial order. The United States as the Worlds Political and Economic HegemonThe United States onward World War I cannot be considered to be an economic or a governmental superpower, it derived its wealth from World War I from selling ammunitions and exploiting the economic opportunities caused by the war. However, in World War II, the US emerged as one of the more powerful countries not only in terms of technology but also politically and economically after surviving the Great Depression. The Post World War II established the United States from a country in the middle to that of a global hegemon.For one, post World War I saw the US to be involved in trade, the importation and exportation of goods as sanitary as in searching for new territories to expand its power and industries. Post World War II saw the United Sta tes cementing its economic and political hegemony- it had established itself as one of the most prosperous and progressive countries not only through its GDP and GNP but also in terms of its ability to impose upon other countries.The United States during this time served as one of the economic powers together with countries in Europe, Japan and the USSR. Upon entering the Cold War, the world became a division of the US and the USSR or democracy versus communism. During this era, the United States served as an international role model for democracies as well as the patron of democratic countries. The fall of the USSR catapulted the US to its role today as a global hegemon- except for North Korea, there had been no real threat to the supremacy of democracy and hence, the United States.During this time until the present times, the United States had been a major player in sanctioning countries that do not abide by international laws and regulations as well as being a forerunner in provi ding foreign aids as well as regulating trade activities. To be a pardner with the US would be tantamount to economic growth. The power held by the US both politically and economically can be considered to spawn countries even in Asia and Third World countries. Needless to say, the United States can be considered to be the most important international player today.

internal audit proficiency and internal controls

interior size up proficiency and intimate controlsLITERATURE REVIEW9.0 foundingThis chapter is a review of the related literature generated by the researcher on the subject of study. The chapter entails the relationship between knowledgeable analyze proficiency and internal controls internal controls and corporate arrangement internal audit proficiency and fortune management internal controls and risk management and risk management and corporate governance.9.1 ingrained study ProficiencyInternal auditors should possess the knowledge, skills, and other competencies needed to perform their individual responsibilities. The internal audit activity collectively should possess or obtain the knowledge, skills, and other competencies needed to perform its responsibilities. The internal auditor should claim sufficient knowledge to identify the indicators of fraud but is not expected to have the expertise of a person whose primary responsibility is detecting and investigating fraud . (IIA, 2007). The rationale is that internal auditors experiences, knowledge and education argon most valuable to management (Giselle, 2000).9.2 Internal inspect Proficiency and Internal ControlsFrom the interpretation of internal auditing, the objective of internal auditing not only includes involvement in governance but also highlights the importance of evaluating and modify control and risk management (IIA, 2007). Most internal audit professionals argue that an effective internal audit function clearly correlates with an organisations success in coming upon management objectives and whether the internal control system is functioning as intended (Faudziah et al, 2005). The effectiveness of internal audit greatly contributes to the effectiveness of each auditee in cross and the organization at large (Dittenhofer, 2001). Dittenhofer (2001) also observed that, if internal audit quality is maintained, it will contribute to the appropriateness of procedures and operations in the organization. Therefore, internal audit proficiency is seen as an important attribute to the quality of the internal audit function and the way it adds value to the internal control frame work.The Institute of Internal Auditors Standard 1210 on proficiency of auditors, requires that internal auditors posse the knowledge, skill and other competencies needed to perform their responsibilities (IIA, 2007). Internal audit effectiveness is determined by the internal audit departments capability to provide useful findings and recommendations and to prove that it is of value to the organization and promotes good governance within the organization. Internal auditors need specific technical skills and to be seen to undertake continual professional development to keep up to date with changing business practices and remain capable of providing a value-added service in their audit approach (Giselle, 2000). They should therefore be experts in the area of internal control and should use their skil ls and expertise to evaluate internal control systems of their organizations and recommend improvements that will greatly contribute to good governance. According to Jan Cattrysse (2005), internal audit could have an important input based on their experience from independent supervise operations or previous occurrences of wrongdoing.9.3 Internal Audit Proficiency and assay Management.The role of internal audit is to provide objective assurance to those charged with governance and management on the adequacy and effectiveness of the risk management framework, help in improving the processes by which risks are identified and managed, help in strengthening and improving the risk management framework.According to (Herdman 2002 Richards 2002 Bailey et al. 2003 Gramling et al. 2004 Carcello et al. 2005b Deloitte 2005 Gadziala 2005), the internal audit function plays a unique and critical role in corporate governance by monitoring organisational risks and helping ensure financial reportin g reliability.Chris Jeffrey (2008) asked that, if an internal audit group does not clearly understand the industry, how could it decipher what the greatest risks to the organization were? In instal to do all this, internal auditors need to be skilled and experienced on how risk management works. They also need to gain a crack understanding of the key business risks and the impact they tolerate have on the organizations ability to build shareholder value (risk assessment). Internal auditors must also be able to assess the responses to key exposures and determine if those responses are sufficient or relevant (Gerrit and Ignace, 2006).Spira Page (2003), note that the recent corporate governance guidelines assume that risks can be objectively identified, quantified and thus strategically managed. Consequently, expertise in risk management techniques and knowledge about the internal control system become a source of power which enables internal auditors to advance and play an importa nt role within their organization. Companies facing higher risk will increase their organizational monitoring through internal audit, providing evidence of the importance of the internal audit function (Colin et al, 2008).Lastly, according to Ian William, (2007), peerless external auditor commented that the internal audit profession had been laborious to reposition itself over the last six or seven years from being relatively unfashionable function Im not saying that it was just re-badging. They have been taking on new skills and repositioning themselves more as risk advisory/ management people.9.4 Internal Controls and Risk Management.According to the new definition of internal controls by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA, 2007), controls do not exist in a vacuum and implies, rather, that controls exist to assist organizations in managing risk and promoting governance processes. A companys system of internal controls has a key role in the management of risks that are sign ificant to the fulfillment of its business objectives. It is important to note therefore, that a sound system of internal control provides reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that a company will not be hindered in achieving its business objectives by circumstances which may reasonably be foreseen.Risk in a financial context is generally understood to be the potential for financial neediness consequent on fraud and incompetence. Although it is widely understood that such risk can never be entirely eliminated, it is generally believed that a system of internal control will act as a deterrent to fraud and a protection against incompetence (Spira Page, 2003). Gerrit Ignace, (2006), noted that internal controls are only one of the means to manage key organizational risks. Other devices used to manage risks include the transfer of risks to third parties, sharing risks and the withdrawal from unacceptably risky activities.9.5 Risk Management and Corporate faceFrom an agency perspec tive, the importance of strong governance stems from the need to align the interests of management with other stakeholders in the firm in collection to reduce agency costs (Cohen et al., 2002). One of corporate governance mechanisms that can be used to monitor managements behaviour is internal audit (Davidson et al., 2005). Internal auditors are certainly exhorted in the professional literature to embrace the opportunity to contribute to the achievement of corporate objectives through risk management (Gerrit Ignace, 2006). 9.6 Internal Controls and Corporate Governance